The Group aims to further formal understanding of LCS, develop new algorithms within the paradigm, and to apply LCS to complex tasks. Previously, the Group has successfully applied LCS to various problems including data mining and classification, the control of road traffic junctions and robots, and to agent modelling tasks such as concept aircraft testing and on-line markets. UWE has a long history of LCS research; the first publications and projects appearing in the early nineties.
Bull, L. (2009) On Dynamical Genetic Programming: Simple Boolean Networks in Learning Classifier Systems. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems (in press)
Bull, L. & Lanzi, P-L. (eds)(2009) Natural Computing: Special Issue on Learning Classifier Systems
Bull, L. & Preen, R. (2009) On Dynamical Genetic Programming: Random Boolean Networks in Learning Classifier Systems. In Proceedings of the EvoNet Workshops: EuroGP. Springer.
Howard, D., Bull, L. & Lanzi, P-L. (2009) Continuous Actions in Continuous Space and Time using Self-Adaptive Constructivism in Neural XCSF. In GECCO-2009: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press.
Preen, R. & Bull, L. (2009) Discrete Dynamical Genetic Programming in XCS. In GECCO-2009: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press.
Bagnall, A., Cawley, G., Whittley, I., Bull, L., Studley, M, Tekiner, F. & Pettipher, M. (2008) Super Computer Heterogeneous Classifier Meta-Ensembles. In J. Wang (ed) Data Warehousing and Mining: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. IGI Global, pp1320-1333.
Budd, A., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., DeLacyCostello, B. & Bull, L. (2008) Initial Results from the use of Evolutionary Learning to Control Chemical Computers. Unconventional Computing 4(1): 13-22.
Bull, L. (2008) On Lookahead and Latent Learning in Simple LCS. In J. Bacardit, et al. (eds) Learning Classifier Systems: Proceedings of the International Workshops IWLCS 2006 and 2007. Springer, pp154-168.
Bull, L., Budd, A., Stone, C., Uroukov, I., De Lacy Costello, B. & Adamatzky, A. (2008) Towards Unconventional Computing Through simulated Evolution: Learning Classifier System Control of Non-Linear Media. Artificial Life 14(2): 203-222.
Bull, L., Bernado Mansilla, E. & Holmes, J. (eds)(2008) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer.
Howard, D., Bull, L. & Lanzi, P-L. (2008) Self-Adaptive Constructivism in Neural XCS and XCSF. In M. Keijzer et al. (eds) GECCO-2008: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press, pp1389-1396.
Howard, D. & Bull, L. (2008) On the Effects of Node Duplication and Connection-Orientated Constructivism in Neural XCSF. In M. Keijzer et al. (eds) GECCO-2008: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press, pp1977-1984.
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2008) Knowledge Discovery from Medical Data: An Empirical Study with XCS. In L. Bull, E. Bernado-Mansilla & J. Holmes (eds) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer, 93-122.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2008) Foreign Exchange Trading using a Learning Classifier System. In L. Bull, E. Bernado-Mansilla & J. Holmes (eds) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer, 169-190.
Tammee, K., Bull, L. & Ouen, P. (2008) Towards Clustering with Learning Classifier Systems. In L. Bull, E. Bernado-Mansilla & J. Holmes (eds) Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer, pp191-204.
Bagnall, A., Cawley, G., Whittley, I., Bull, L., Studley, M, Tekiner, F. & Pettipher, M. (2007) Super Computer Heterogeneous Classifier Meta-Ensembles. International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 3(2): 67-82.
Bull, L. & Adamatzky (2007) A Learning Classifier System Approach to the Identification of Cellular Automata. Cellular Automata 2(1): 21-38.
Bull, L. & Uroukov, I. (2007) Initial Results from the use of Learning Classifier Systems to Control In Vitro Neuronal Networks. In D. Thierens et al. (eds) GECOO-2007: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press, pp369-376.
Bull, L., Studley, M., Bagnall, A. & Whittley, I. (2007) Learning Classifier System Ensembles with Rule Sharing. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 11(4): 496-502.
Bull, L., Lanzi, P-L. & O'Hara, T. (2007) Anticipation Mappings for Learning Classifier Systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press.
Casillas, J. Carse, B. & Bull, L. (2007) Fuzzy XCS: a Michigan Genetic Fuzzy System. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 15(4): 536-550.
Kharbat, F., Odeh, M. & Bull, L. (2007) New Approach for Extracting Knowledge from XCS Learning Classifier Systems. International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems 4(2): 49-62.
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2007) Mining Breast Cancer Data with XCS. In D. Thierens et al. (eds) GECOO-2007: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press, pp2066-2073.
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2007) Backpropagation in Accuracy-based Neural Learning Classifier Systems. In T. Kovacs, X. Llora, K. Takadama, P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems: International Workshops IWLCS 2003-2005. Springer, pp26-40.
Tammee, K., Bull, L. & Ouen, P. (2007) YCSc: A Modified Clustering Technique based on LCS. Journal of Digital Information Management 5(3): 160-167.
Tammee, K., Bull, L. & Ouen, P. (2007) Towards Clustering with XCS. In D. Thierens et al. (eds) GECOO-2007: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM Press, pp1854-1860.
Wyatt, D., Bull, L. & Parmee, I. (2007) Applying XCSR to Design-Orientated Environments. In T. Kovacs, X. Llora, K. Takadama, P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems: International Workshops IWLCS 2003-2005. Springer, pp318-342.
Budd, A., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., DeLacyCostello, B. & Bull, L. (2006) Towards Machine Learning Control of Chemical Computers. In A. Adamatzky & C. Teuscher (eds) From Utopian to Genuine Unconventional Computers. Luniver Press, pp17-36.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2006) A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism for Mobile Robot Control. Artificial Life 12(3): 353-380.
Studley, M. & Bull, L. (2006) Using the XCS Classifier System for Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning Problems. Artificial Life 13(1): 69-86.
Tammee, K., Bull, L. & Ouen, P. (2006) A Learning Classifier System Approach to Clustering. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. IEEE, pp621-626.
Tammee, K., Bull, L. & Ouen, P. (2006) Using a Learning Classifier System for Clustering. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies 2006. IEEE.
Bull, L. (2005) Two Simple Learning Classifier Systems. In
L. Bull & T. Kovacs (eds) Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer.
Bull, L. & Kovacs, T. (eds)(2005) Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer.
Bull, L., Lawson, I., Adamatzky, A. & DeLacyCostello, B. (2005) Towards Predicting Spatial Complexity: A Learning Classifier System Approach to Cellular Automata Identification. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, pp136-141.
Bull, L., Studley, M., Bagnall, A. & Whittley, I. (2005) On the use of Rule Sharing in Learning Classifier System Ensembles. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, pp612-617.
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2005) Revisiting Genetic Selection in the XCS Learning Classifier System. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, pp2061-2068.
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2005) A Memetic Accuracy-based Neural Learning Classifier System. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press, pp2040-2045.
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2005) Building Anticipations in an Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System by use of an Artificial Neural Network. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press, pp2046-2052.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2005) An Analysis of Continuous-Valued Representations for Learning Classifier Systems. In
L. Bull & T. Kovacs (eds) Foundations of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer.
Studley, M. & Bull, L. (2005) X-TCS: Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System Robotics. In Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, pp2099-2106.
Bull, L. (ed)(2004) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer.
Bull, L. (2004) A Simple Payoff-based Learning Classifier System.
In X. Yao et al. (eds) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. Springer Verlag, pp1032-1041.
Bull, L. (2004) Lookahead and Latent Learning in a Simple Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System.
In X. Yao et al. (eds) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. Springer Verlag, pp1042-1050.
Bull, L. & Tomlinson, A. (2004) Symbiogenesis in Machine Learning. In R. Paton, H. Bolouri, M. Holcombe, J.H. Parish & R. Tateson (eds)
Computation in Cells and Tissues: Perspectives and Tools of Thought. Springer, pp27-50.
Bull, L., Sha'Aban, J., Tomlinson, A., Addison, P. & Heydecker, B. (2004) Towards Distributed Adaptive Control for Road Traffic Junction Signals using Learning Classifier Systems. In L. Bull (ed) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp276-299.
Carse, B., Fogarty, T.C. & Munro, A. (2004) Distributed Routing in Communication Networks using the Temporal Fuzzy Classifier System - a Study on Evolutionary Multi-Agent Control. In L. Bull (ed) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp203-222.
Casillas, J. Carse, B. & Bull, L. (2004) Fuzzy XCS: an Accuracy-based Fuzzy Classifier System. In Proceedings of the XII Congreso Espanol sobre Tecnologia y Logica Fuzzy (ESTYLF 2004).
Holley, J., Pipe, A.G. & Carse, B. (2004) Oneric Processing Utilising the Anticipatory Classifier System.
In X. Yao et al. (eds) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. Springer Verlag, pp1103-1112.
Holley, J., Pipe, A.G. & Carse, B. (2004) Dream Function as an Anticipatory Learning Mechanism.
In M. Butz et al. (eds) Anticipatory Behaviour in Adaptive Learning Systems: Proceedings of the 2nd ABiALS Workshop, pp31-40.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2004) A Self-Adaptive Neural Learning Classifier System with Constructivism for Mobile Robot Control.
In X. Yao et al. (eds) Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VIII. Springer Verlag, pp942-951.
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2004) Further Investigation of Accuracy-based Fitness Using a Simple Learning System. In Proceedings of the International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT2004), pp311-318.
Smith, R.E., El-Fallah, A., Ravichandran, B., Mehra, R.K. & Dike, B.A. (2004) The Fighter Aircraft LCS: A Real-World, Machine Innovation Application. In L. Bull (ed) Applications of Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp113-142.
Wyatt, D. & Bull, L. (2004) A Memetic Learning Classifier System for Describing Continuous-Valued Problem Spaces. In W. Hart, N. Krasnagor & J. Smith (eds) Recent Advances in Memetic Algorithms. Springer, pp355-396.
Waldock, A., Carse, B. & Melhuish, C. (2004) An Online Hierarchical Fuzzy Rule-based System for Mobile Robot Controllers. In I. Parmee (ed) Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture VI. Springer, pp309-320.
Wyatt, D., Bull, L. & Parmee, I. (2004) Building Compact Rulesets for Describing Continuous-Valued Problem Spaces Using a Learning Classifier System. In I. Parmee (ed) Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture VI. Springer, pp235-248.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2003) A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism. In IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE Press.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2003) Self-Adaptation in Classifier System Controllers. Artificial Life and Robotics 5(2): 109-119.
Pipe, A.G. & Carse, B. (2003) Fuzzy Logic and the Pittsburgh Classifier System for Mobile Robot Control. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic & Technology (EUSFLAT). Springer, pp120-125.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2003) Towards Learning Classifier Systems for Continuous-Valued Online Environments.
In GECCO-2003:
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Springer.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2003) For Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs. Evolutionary Computation11(3)299-336.
Waldock, A., Carse, B. & Melhuish, C. (2003) A Hierarchical Fuzzy Rule-based Learning System based on an Information Theoretic Approach. In Proceedings of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology International Conference.pp534-539.
Barry, A. (2002) Long Chain Formation in XCS. Soft Computing: Special Issue on LCS 6(3-4): 183-199.
Bull, L. (2002) On Accuracy-based Fitness. Soft Computing: Special Issue on LCS 6(3-4): 154-161.
Bull, L. (2002) Lookahead and Latent Learning in ZCS. In
W.B.Langdon, E.Cantu-Paz, K.Mathias, R. Roy, D.Davis, R. Poli,
K.Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull,
M. A. Potter, A.C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke & N.Jonoska (eds) GECCO-2002:
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann, pp897-904.
Bull, L. (2002) On Using Constructivism in Neural Classifier Systems.
In J.J. Merelo, P. Adamidis, H-G. Beyer, J-L. Fernandez-Villacanas & H-P. Schwefel (eds)
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII. Springer Verlag, pp558-567.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2002) ZCS Redux. Evolutionary Computation 10(2): 185-205.
Bull, L. & O'Hara, T. (2002) Accuracy-based Neuro and Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier Systems. In
W.B.Langdon, E.Cantu-Paz, K.Mathias, R. Roy, D.Davis, R. Poli,
K.Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull,
M. A. Potter, A.C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke & N.Jonoska (eds)
GECCO-2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
Morgan Kaufmann, pp905-911.
Bull, L. & Studley, M. (2002)
Consideration of Multiple Objectives in Neural Learning Classifier Systems.
In J.J. Merelo, P. Adamidis, H-G. Beyer, J-L. Fernandez-Villacanas & H-P. Schwefel (eds)
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII. Springer Verlag, pp549-557.
Bull, L., Wyatt, D. & Parmee, I. (2002) Towards the use of XCS for Interactive Evolutionary Design. In
W.B.Langdon, E.Cantu-Paz, K.Mathias, R. Roy, D.Davis, R. Poli,
K.Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull,
M. A. Potter, A.C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke & N.Jonoska (eds)
GECCO-2002:
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann, pp951.
Bull, L., Wyatt, D. & Parmee, I. (2002) Initial Modifications to XCS for use in Interactive Evolutionary Design. In
J.J. Merelo, P. Adamidis, H-G. Beyer, J-L. Fernandez-Villacanas & H-P. Schwefel (eds)
Parallel
Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII. Springer Verlag, pp568-577.
Carse, B. & Pipe, A.G. (2002) Evolving Temporal Rules with the Delayed Action
Classifier System - Analysis and New Results. In I. Parmee (ed) Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture V. Springer, pp231-242.
Danek, M. & Smith, R.E. (2002) XCS Applied to Mapping FPGA Architectures.
In
W.B.Langdon, E.Cantu-Paz, K.Mathias, R. Roy, D.Davis, R. Poli,
K.Balakrishnan, V. Honavar, G. Rudolph, J. Wegener, L. Bull,
M. A. Potter, A.C. Schultz, J. F. Miller, E. Burke & N.Jonoska (eds)
GECCO-2002:
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2002) A Self-Adaptive XCS. In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann &
S.W. Wilson (eds) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth International
Workshop on Learning Classifier Systems. Springer, pp57-73.
Hurst, J., Bull, L. & Melhuish, C. (2002) TCS Learning Classifier System Controller on a Real Robot.
In J.J. Merelo, P. Adamidis, H-G. Beyer, J-L. Fernandez-Villacanas & H-P. Schwefel (eds)
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII. Springer Verlag, pp588-600.
Pipe, A.G. & Carse, B. (2002) Explorations in Fuzzy Classifier System Architectures. In I. Parmee (ed)
Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture V. Springer, pp219-231.
Pipe, A.G. & Carse, B. (2002) First Results from Experiments in Fuzzy
Classifier System Architectures for Mobile Robotics. In
J.J. Merelo, P. Adamidis, H-G. Beyer, J-L. Fernandez-Villacanas & H-P. Schwefel (eds)
Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN VII. Springer Verlag, pp578-587.
Tominson, A. & Bull, L. (2002) An Accuracy-based Corporate Classifier System. Soft Computing: Special Issue on LCS 6(3-4): 200-215.
Barry, A. (2001) A Hierarchical XCS for Long Path Environments. In L. Spector et al. (eds) GECCO-2001: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
Morgan Kaufmann, pp913-920
Bull, L. (2001) Simple Markov Models of the Genetic Algorithm in Classifier Systems: Multi-Step Tasks.
In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann &
S.W. Wilson (eds) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems:
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, Springer, pp29-36.
Bull, L. (2001) Simple Markov Models of the Genetic Algorithm in Classifier Systems: Accuracy-Based Fitness.
In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann &
S.W. Wilson (eds) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems:
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, Springer, pp21-28.
Cao, Y.J., Ireson, N., Bull, L. & Miles, R. (2001) An Evolutionary Intelligent Agents Approach to
Traffic Signal Control. International Journal of Knowledge-based Intelligent Engineering Systems 5(4):279-289.
Carse, B. & Pipe, A.G. (2001) X-FCS: A Fuzzy Classifier System using Accuracy-based Fitness - first results. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Technology, EUSFLAT. pp195-198.
Carse, B. & Pipe, A.G. (2001) A Framework for Evolving Fuzzy Classifier Systems using Genetic Programming. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society, FLAIRS 2001. AAAI Press, pp465-469.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2001) A Self-Adaptive Classifier System. In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann &
S.W. Wilson (eds) Advances in Learning Classifier Systems:
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, Springer, pp70-79.
Pipe, A. & Carse, B. (2001) Michigan and Pittsburgh Fuzzy Classifier Systems for Learning Mobile Robot Control Rules: An Experimental Comparison. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society, FLAIRS 2001. AAAI Press, pp493-498.
Smith, R.E., Dike, B.A., El-Fallah, A., Ravichandran, B. & Mehra, R.K. (2001) Discovering Novel Fighter Combat Maneuvers in Simulation: Simulating Test Pilot Creativity. In P.J. Bentley & D.W. Corne (eds) Creative Evolutionary Systems. Morgan Kauffman, pp467-486.
Smith, R.E., Dike, B.A., El-Fallah, A., Ravichandran, B. & Mehra, R.K. (2001) Two-Sided Genetics-based Learning to Discover Novel Fighter Combat Maneuvers. In E.J Boers et al. (eds) Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings of the EvoNet Workshops 2001. Springer, pp233-242.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (2001) Symbiogenesis in Learning Classifier Systems. Artificial Life 7(1):33-62.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (2001) CXCS: Improvements and Corporate Generalization. In L. Spector et al. (eds) GECCO-2001: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
Morgan Kaufmann, pp966-973.
Barry, A. (2000) Specifying Action Persistence within XCS. In
D. Whitley, D. Goldberg, E. Cantu-Paz, L. Spector, I. Parmee & H-G. Beyer (eds)
GECCO-2000: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann, pp50-57.
Barry, A. (2000)
PhD Dissertation, University of Belfast.
Bonarini, A., Bonacina, C. & Matteucci, M.
(2000) Fuzzy and Crisp Representations of Real-valued Input for Learning
Classifier Systems. In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems:
From Foundations to Applications, Springer, pp107-124.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2000) Self-Adaptive
Mutation in ZCS Controllers. In S. Cagnoni, R. Poli, G. Smith, D. Corne, M. Oates,
E. Hart, P-L. Lanzi, E. Willem, Y. Li, B. Paecther & T.C. Fogarty (eds)
Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings of the EvoNet Workshops
- EvoRob 2000. Springer, pp339-346.
Bull, L., Hurst, J. & Tomlinson, A. (2000) Self-Adaptive Mutation
in Classifier System Controllers. In J-A. Meyer, A. Berthoz, D.Floreano, H. Roitblatt &
S.W. Wilson (eds) From Animals to Animats 6 - The Sixth International Conference on the
Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour, MIT Press.
Cao, Y.J., Ireson, N., Bull, L. & Miles, R.
(2000) Distributed Learning Control of Traffic Signals.
In S. Cagnoni, R. Poli, G. Smith, D. Corne, M. Oates,
E. Hart, P-L. Lanzi, E. Willem, Y. Li, B. Paecther & T.C. Fogarty (eds)
Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings
of the EvoNet Workshops - EvoSCONDI 2000. Springer, pp117-126.
Ireson, N., Cao. Y.J, Bull, L. & Miles, R.
(2000) A Communication Architecture for Multi-Agent Learning Systems.
In S. Cagnoni, R. Poli, G. Smith, D. Corne, M. Oates,
E. Hart, P-L. Lanzi, E. Willem, Y. Li, B. Paecther & T.C. Fogarty (eds)
Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings
of the EvoNet Workshops - EvoTel 2000. Springer, p255-266.
Pipe, A. & Carse, B. (2000) Autonomous Acquisition of Fuzzy
Rules for Mobile Robot Control: First Results from two Evolutionary Computation
Approaches. In
D. Whitley, D. Goldberg, E. Cantu-Paz, L. Spector, I. Parmee & H-G. Beyer (eds)
GECCO-2000: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
Morgan Kaufmann, pp849-864.
Saxon, S. & Barry, A. (2000) XCS and the Monks
Problem. In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems:
From Foundations to Applications. Springer, pp223-242.
Smith, R.E., Dike, B.A., El-Fallah, A & Mehra,
R.K. (2000) The Fighter Aircraft LCS: A Case of Different LCS Goals and
Techniques. In P-L. Lanzi, W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems:
From Foundations to Applications. Springer, pp283-300.
Smith, R.E., Dike, B.A., El-Fallah, A & Mehra,
R.K. (2000) Classifier Systems in Combat: Two-Sided Learning of Maneuvers for Advanced Fighter Aircraft.
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 186: 421-437.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (2000) A Corporate XCS. In P-L. Lanzi,
W. Stolzmann & S.W. Wilson (eds) Learning Classifier Systems: From
Foundations to Applications. Springer, pp194-208.
Ahluwalia, M. & Bull, L. (1999) A Genetic
Programming-based Classifier System. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben,
M.H. Garzon, V. Honavar, M. Jakiela & R.E. Smith (eds) GECCO-99:
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.
Morgan Kaufmann, pp11-18.
Barry, A. (1999) Aliasing in XCS and the Consecutive
State Problem 1 - Problems. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H. Garzon,
V. Honavar, M. Jakiela & R.E. Smith (eds) GECCO-99: Proceedings
of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann,
pp19-26.
Barry, A. (1999) Aliasing in XCS and the Consecutive
State Problem 2 - Solutions. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H.
Garzon, V. Honavar, M. Jakiela & R.E. Smith (eds) GECCO-99: Proceedings
of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann,
pp27-34.
Bull, L. (1999) On Evolving Social Systems. Computational
and Mathematical Organization Theory 5 (3):281-298.
Bull, L. (1999) On using ZCS in a Simulated Continuous
Double-Auction Market. In W. Banzhaf, J. Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H. Garzon,
V. Honavar, M. Jakiela & R.E. Smith (eds) GECCO-99: Proceedings
of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. Morgan Kaufmann,
pp83-90.
Cao, Y.J., Ireson, N., Bull, L. & Miles, R.
(1999) Design of a Traffic Junction Controller using a Classifier System
and Fuzzy Logic. In B. Reusch (ed) Proceedings of the Sixth International
Conference on Computational Intelligence Theory and Applications. Springer
Verlag, pp342-351.
Tomlinson, A. (1999) Corporate Classifier Systems.
PhD Dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (1999) On Corporate
Classifier Systems: Improving the use of Rule-Linkage. In W. Banzhaf, J.
Daida, A.E. Eiben, M.H. Garzon, V. Honavar, M. Jakiela & R.E. Smith
(eds) GECCO-99: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Conference. Morgan Kaufmann, pp649-656.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (1999) A Zeroth Level
Corporate Classifier System. In A.S. Wu (ed) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary
Computation Conference Workshop Program. Gecco, pp306-313.
Please see individual's pages for their
full list of LCS publications.
Howard, G. D., Bull, L. & Lanzi, P-L. (2009) Continuous Actions in Continuous Space and Time using Self-Adaptive Constructivism in Neural XCSF . UWELCSG09-002
Howard, G. D. & Bull, L. (2009) A Spiking Neural Representation for XCSF . UWELCSG09-003
Preen, R. & Bull, L. (2009) Discrete Dynamical Genetic Programming in XCS. UWELCSG09-001
Bull, L. (2008) A Brief Note on Discrete Dynamical Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG08-002
Bull, L. (2008) Unorganised Machines in Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG08-004
Bull, L. (2008) On Dynamical Genetic Programming: Simple Boolean Networks in Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG08-006
Bull, L. (2008) Learning Classifier Systems: A Brief Overview of the First 30 years (slides from invited talk at the ACDM conference with an emphasis on data mining) UWELCSG08-007
Bull, L. & Preen, R. (2008) On Dynamical Genetic Programming: Random Boolean Networks in Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG08-005
Howard, G. D., Bull, L. & Lanzi, P-L. (2008) Self-Adaptive Constructivism in Neural XCS and XCSF. UWELCSG08-001
Howard, G. D. & Bull, L. (2008) On the Effects of Node Duplication and Connection-Oriented Constructivism in Neural XCSF. UWELCSG08-003
Bull, L. (2007) On Lookahead and Latent Learning in Simple LCS. UWELCSG07-002
Bull, L., Budd, A., Stone, C., Uroukov, I., Adamatzky, A., & DeLacyCostello (2007) Towards Unconventional Computing through Simulated Evolution: Learning Classifier System Control of Non-Linear Media. UWELCSG07-001
Bull, L. & Uroukov, I. (2007) Consideration of using Learning Classifier Systems to Create a Simple Neuronal Computer. UWELCSG07-003
Tamee, K., Bull, L. & Pinngern, O. (2007) Spherical Conditions in XCSc. UWELCSG07-004
Budd, A., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., DeLacyCostello, B. & Bull, L. (2006) Towards Machine Learning Control of Chemical Computers. UWELCSG06-004
Kharbat, F. (2006) Learning Classifier Systems for Knowledge Discovery in Breast Cancer. UWELCSG06-006
Kharbat, F., Odeh, M. & Bull, L. (2006) A New Hybrid Architecture for the Discovery and Compaction of Knowledge from Breast Cancer Datasets. UWELCSG06-001
Kharbat, F., Odeh, M. & Bull, L. (2006) A New Approach for Extracting Knowledge from the XCS Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG06-002
O'Hara. T., (2006) Learning Classifier Systems with Neural Network Representation. UWELCSG06-008
Studley, M.(2006) Learning Classifier Systems for Multi-objective Robot Control. UWELCSG06-005
Tamee, K., Bull, L. & Pinngern, O. (2006) A Learning Classifier System Approach to Clustering. UWELCSG06-003
Tamee, K. & Bull, L. (2006) Clustering with XCS. UWELCSG06-007
Bull, L., Lawson, I., Adamatzky, A. & DeLacyCostello, B. (2005) On Cellular Automata Identification using Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG05-005
Bull, L., Studley, M., Bagnall, A, & Whittley, I. (2005) Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System Ensembles with Rule Sharing. UWELCSG05-009
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2005) Revisiting Genetic Selection in the XCS Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG05-003
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2005) Building Anticipations in an Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System by use of an Artificial Neural Network. UWELCSG05-004
Stone, C. (2005)
Learning Classifier Systems for Decision Making in Continuous-Valued Domains. UWELCSG05-008.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2005)
Comparing XCS and ZCS on Noisy Continuous-Valued Environments. UWELCSG05-002.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2005)
Configuring ZCS for Continuous-Valued Single-Step Boolean Problems. UWELCSG05-006.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2005) Foreign Exchange Trading using a Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG05-007.
Wyatt, D. (2005) Applying the XCS Learning Classifier System to Continuous-Valued Data Mining Problems. UWELCSG05-001
Bull, L. (2004) On Neural Learning Classifier Systems in Real Time and Space: Continuous-Valued Inputs and Continuous-Valued Actions of Continuous Duration. UWELCSG04-008 (slides of presentation at PPSN'04 workshop on Advances in LCS).
Holley, J. (2004) First Investigations of Dream-like Cognitive Processing using the Anticipatory Classifier System. UWELCSG04-002.
Kharbat, F., Bull, L. & Odeh, M. (2004) Some Investigations of Accuracy-based Fitness using a Simple Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG04-003.
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2004) Prediction Calculation in Accuracy-based Neural Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG04-004.
Stacey, A. (2004) An Investigation of Techniques for Improving the Performance of a Pittsburgh Approach Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG04-005.
Studley, M. & Bull, L. (2004) Using the XCS Classifier System for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Problems. UWELCSG04-006.
Wyatt, D. & Bull, L. (2004) Building Compact Rulesets for Describing Continuous-Valued Problem Spaces using a Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG04-001.
Bull, L. (2003)
A Simple Accuracy-based Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG03-005.
Bull, L. (2003)
Towards Canonical Learning Classifier Systems: Simple Accuracy, Payoff and Anticipatory Systems. UWELCSG03-008.
Bull, L. (2003)
Investigating Fitness Sharing in a Simple Payoff-based Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG03-009.
Bull, L. & Wyatt, D. (2003)
On Simplifying the Payoff Prediction in Accuracy-based Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG03-006.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2003)
A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism. UWELCSG03-003.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2003)
Lookahead and Latent Learning in a Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism. UWELCSG03-012.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2003)
Robotic Experimentation using Constructivism within a Neural Learning Classifier System. UWELCSG03-010.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2003) A Neural Learning Classifier System with Self-Adaptive Constructivism for Mobile Robot Control. UWELCSG03-011.
O'Hara, T. & Bull, L. (2003)
Backpropagation in Accuracy-based Neural Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG03-007.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2003)
Comparing Learning Classifier Systems for Continuous-Valued Online Environments. UWELCSG03-001.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2003)
A Note on Crossover with Interval Representations. UWELCSG03-002.
Wyatt, D., Bull, L. & Parmee, I. (2003)
Applying XCSR to Design-Orientated Environments. UWELCSG03-004.
Wyatt, D. & Bull, L. (2003)
A Memetic Learning Classifier System for Describing Continuous-Valued Problem Spaces. UWELCSG03-013.
Bull, L. & O'Hara, T. (2002)
Accuracy-based Neuro and Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier Systems. UWELCSG02-001.
Bull, L., Wyatt, D. & Parmee, I. (2002)
Towards the use of XCS in Interactive Evolutionary Design. UWELCSG02-003.
Carse, B. & Pipe, A.G. (2002)
On Generalisation in Michigan-style Fuzzy Classifier Systems. UWELCSG02-006.
Hurst, J., Bull, L. & Melhuish, C. (2002) ZCS and TCS Learning Classifier System
Controllers on Real Robots. UWELCSG02-002.
Stone, C. & Bull, L. (2002)
For Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs. UWELCSG02-007.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (2002)
Towards Distributed Adaptive Control for Road Traffic Signals using Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG02-004.
Wyatt, D. & Bull, L.(2002) An Investigation into Island Model Rule Migration for a Number of Mobile Autonomous Learning Classifier System Agents. UWELCSG02-005.
Bull, L. (2001) Lookahead and Latent Learning in ZCS. UWELCSG01-004.
Bull, L. (2001) A Brief note on the use of Constructivism in Neural Classifier Systems. UWELCSG01-006.
Bull, L. & Hurst, J. (2001) ZCS: Theory and Practice. UWELCSG01-001.
Bull, L. & O'Hara, T. (2001)
A Neural Rule Representation for Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG01-002.
Bull, L. & O'Hara, T. (2001)
NCS: A Simple Neural Classifier System. UWELCSG01-005.
Bull, L. & O'Hara, T. (2001)
An Accuracy-based Neural Classifier System. UWELCSG01-008.
Carse, B. & Pipe, A.G. (2001) X-FCS: A Fuzzy Classifier System using Accuracy-based Fitness - First Results. UWELCSG01-007.
Tomlinson, A. (2001) Triggered Rule-Linkage in CXCS. UWELCSG01-003.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (2001)
An Investigation into LCS Road Traffic Junction Controllers. UWELCSG01-009.
Hurst, J. & Bull, L. (2000)
Self-Adaptation in Learning Classifier Systems. UWELCSG00-001.
Tomlinson, A. & Bull, L. (1999) A Zeroth Level Corporate Classifier System. UWELCSG99-001.
