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Semantic Web
Semantic Web Research - Semantic Web and Web 2.0 Research - Semantic Web and Semantic Grid Research - The Need for Ontologies to aid Modelling - Ontology Tools - UWE Links - Links to more RDF examples, information and tools - Semantic Web Projects/Applications - Semantic Web Commentators - Semantic Web Articles
XML - RDF/XML - RDF Schema - DAML+OIL - OWL - SWRL and RuleML - XML Examples DTDs, Schemas, Stylesheet Transformation - RSS - AJAX/Web2.0
Conferences - recent and future
Semantic Web, Ontologies and Science/Engineering
I'm developing a survey on usability, I don't think it's quite right yet, but I would still welcome anyone using it to leave feedback on my research topic (or about the survey) - Click Here to take part in a usability survey, and support my PhD research, for anyone who does not want to remain anonymous, I would be pleased to take an interest in their research.
The survey compares these interfaces -
Taxonomy - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/ELearning/ELearningDemonstration1.htm.
Diagrammatic - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/ELearning/ELearningDemonstration2.htm.
And asks for further advice on end-user programming.
I'm interested in feedback from anyone, whatever their level of IT skills.
Survey Results - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/EndUserProgramming.htm#SurveyResults - http://www.toluna.com/polls/37921/Do_You_Think_End-User_Programming_can_be_made_possible?.
The following examples and information shows how standardised ontologies can be represented and visualised. This makes it possible to share models with domain specific (e.g engineering) agreed semantics above the lever of generic agreed semantics. This can make it practical to share and re-use ontologies and models.
PMXML (Project Management Extensible Markup Language) Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/PMXML.htm.
Process Modelling - PSL - Process Specification Language and XML (Extensible Markup Language) - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/ProcessSpecificationLanguage.htm.
STEPml Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/STEPml.htm.
UML Representaion XMI - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Modelling.htm#XMI.
Modelling and Semantic Web Methodology - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/ModellingSemanticWeb.htm.
Semantic Web Center of Proposal.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/#OntologyDevelopment - Ontology and Semantic Web Information.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://blogs.talis.com/nodalities/2007/11/peter_bloodsworth_talks_with_t.php - In our latest Talking with Talis podcast, I talk with Dr Peter Bloodsworth of the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol. We discuss his research background, and the evolution of his interests from multi-agent systems toward the use of Semantic Web Ontologies. We conclude by looking at the ways in which this research is being put into practice with the European Health-e-Child project. - 27th November 2007.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/peter-bloodsworth-talks-with-talis-about-multi-agent-systems-ontologies-and-the-health-e-child-proje/4773248/ - Video from Talking with Talis.
Software Engineering - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineeringing.htm
SWIG-UK Powerpoint Presentation - at Hewlett-Packard - Bristol UK - semantic web interest group - InteractiveModellingandVisualisationofInformation.ppt - November 23rd 2007 - other presentations are at http://swig.networkedplanet.com/special.html - including a UWE presentation http://swig.networkedplanet.com/cccs_hp.ppt - Health-e-Child.
Semantic Web Applications - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2008/05/semantic-web-applications.html - This article is about the need for provision of Semantic Web applications to increase the amount of Semantic Web information that could be searched. This could result in a virtuous circle of Semantic Web applications creating Semantic Web information, and so justifying the creation of more Semantic Web applications to access it. The article advocates the use of Semantic Web applications for modelling and end-user programming, and integration into business applications. - 5th May 2008
Semantic Web Collaboration - http://ezinearticles.com/?Semantic-Web-Collaboration&id=1160019 - This article discusses how Semantic Web/Web 2.0 collaboration can enable ontology editing. This helps reach agreement on the meaning of terms, and encourages end-user modelling/programming by enabling simplified development of online applications. This could be an efficient way of managing large ontologies with multiple users. - 9th May 2008.
Systems Engineering and Simulation Page - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/systemsengineering.htm.
User Driven Modelling Semantic Wiki - http://www.visualknowledge.com/wikikey/A143074S3496911 - Community.
UWE Student Project - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Web%20Semantic/Index.html - Investigating and implement the idea of 'ModConsWest' (Modelling and Constructionism with Web based E-Learning Semantic Tools)" - Lee Ediagbonya and Awaab Eltahir.
Tim Berners-Lee [Berners-Lee][Berners-Lee, Hendler, Lassila] developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and has been involved with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in developing standards based languages for the Web. This has encouraged the growth of the 'Semantic Web' which allows both humans and computers to search and interact with pages more and so encouraged the development of interactive web pages and communities.
RDF does not have to be based on XML there is also a format called N3 Quick Intro to RDF.
The aim of this research is to enable decision support during product development, whilst minimising dependence on specialist software and detailed programming effort. The basis of this is an Ontology that can be visualised and edited in tree form. The open standard Ontology tool Protégé from Stanford University is used for this research. This Ontology can be translated into a Decision Support tool called DecisionPro (now renamed Vanguard System), which runs the model. Software created using DecisionPro (Vanguard System) allows calculations of the cost of a design to be made, and provides a colour-coded representation of the product tree. It is then possible to output this tree in the form of web pages, interactive diagrams and code in programming languages. It is possible to search the information both in Protégé and on the web as it is represented using searchable semantic web languages.
Carroll explained in a talk based on this technical report (Carroll and Turner, 2008) that for OWL, RDF(S) (RDF + rdfschema) and RDF "Each layer does not break the previous layer". This shows that for at least the middle layers of the above diagram translation is possible. This thesis mainly uses light ontologies as they can be represented in several layers whereas for a more structured ontology information would be lost as it was translated down the layers.
Software that is been investigated for representing ontologies and translating to program code and visualisation is Protégé, Jena (Hewlett-Packard), and Kaon. Applications that are built with ontology tools such as the above and include a development environment for calculation and decision support are Metatomix m3t4, TopBraid Composer, and General Electric's ACUITy enterprise modelling tool. These tools include Java Eclipse extensions for high level programming. We have also investigated transformations that can translate the ontology into representations in other languages and tools. We have prototyped this translation for decision support tools DecisionPro (now Vanguard System) and Cost Estimator, and languages including XML (eXtensible Markup Language), and Java. Further research can be undertaken into representing the information in meta languages such as metaL and Simkin. The result documents could be searched using XQuery within Exist and SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language) and edited using XForm editors such as Orbeon XForms.
The solution to many interoperability and software involves programming with Semantic Web languages rather than just using them for information representation. This will make translation for interoperability easier and more reliable, and further improve the maintainability of software systems.
This research is a test case for a whole new approach that could be possible, of collaborative end user programming by domain experts. The end user programmers can use a visual interface where the visualization of the software exactly matches the structure of the software itself, making translation between user and computer, and vice versa, much more practical. Jackiw and Finzer (1993) describe an example where a diagram is translated to a graph representation, the authors explain this as 'spatial programming'. Jackiw and Finzer explain that this type of programming removes the distinction between programmers and users. I have tended to work the opposite way around, translating graph and tree representations to diagrammatic visualisations, but this translation is valid in either direction. Semantic Web languages are ideal for representing graphs and trees in an open standard way. The spatial, and tree/graph forms both have the same underlying semantics, and therefore can both be translated to computer languages. In fact it would be much better in the long run to use the Semantic Web languages as standardised programming languages for such problems as this would avoid the need to further translate into other programming languages, and systems.
Carroll, Jeremy J., 2008, An OWL Full Interpretation - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/60.pdf - HP Labs, Bristol, UK - Abstract - This report is an appendix to report HPL-2008-59. It gives a worked example of the construction used in the proof from that report. For finiteness, a reduced datatype map consisting of only xsd:boolean is used. Each of the graphs in the construction is listed explicitly, with some redundancy eliminated. The final Herbrand graph contains about 15,000 triples.
Jakiw, R. N., Finzer, W. F., 1993. The Geometer's Sketchpad:Programming by Geometry. In: A. Cypher, ed. Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration. MIT Press, Chapter 1 [online]. Available from: http://www.acypher.com/wwid/Chapters/13Sketchpad.html.
Berners-Lee and Fischetti (1999) sum up the advantage of a Semantic Web program over programs in other languages. They write, "The advantage of putting the rules in RDF is that in doing so, all the reasoning is exposed, whereas a program is a black box: you don't see what happens inside it." The Semantic Web makes use of tree and graph relationships to relate information and people. This relating of information is explained as a 'web', and Berners-Lee and Fischetti, 1999 explain that the term 'web' is used by mathematics to denote a collection of nodes and links in which any node can be linked to any other node.
Berners-Lee and Fischetti also argue for collaborative interactivity, which they call 'Intercreativity'. They explain "the world can be seen as only connections, nothing else. We think of a dictionary as the repository of meaning, but it defines words only in terms of other words. A piece of information is really defined only by what it's related to and how it's related." ... "There is really little else to meaning. The structure is everything.". Berners-Lee and Fischetti make the point that it is not the power of the language that is important in providing this intercreativity. The simplicity of a language such as RDF makes it easier to provide interconnected solutions to complex problems, without becoming bogged down with the complexity of the language itself, and interoperability problems.
So connectivity and structure are the crucial factors, enabling users to create and follow the information connections that are required for solving a problem and specify this to the computer. They also discuss the use of Semantic Web languages as programming languages and explain the benefits declaring "The Semantic Web, like the Web already, will make many things previously impossible just obvious. Visual Semantic Web programming is one of those obvious things."
An illustration of collaborative interactivity, connectivity and structure, and use of information connections for visual Semantic Web programming is Yahoo Pipes. This is discussed here.
The Semantic Web was defined by Berners-Lee (2001) as "a web of data that can be processed directly or indirectly by machines". Berners-Lee et al. advocate an interdisciplinary open standard approach, this was later expanded to envisage a"Science of the Web"
Berners-Lee and colleagues have envisaged the Semantic Web as a global database with the information held in a structured form where content is separated from formatting.
The infrastructure for Semantic Web Research is illustrated here - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#MarkupLanguages.
Berners-Lee et al. also explain "The Web is an engineered space created through formally specified languages and protocols. However, because humans are the creators of Web pages and links between them, their interactions form emergent patterns in the Web at a macroscopic scale." Berners-Lee et al. argue the importance of visualisation for navigation of information "Despite excitement about the Semantic Web, most of the world's data are locked in large data stores and are not published as an open Web of inter-referring resources. As a result, the reuse of information has been limited. Substantial research challenges arise in changing this situation: how to effectively query an unbounded Web of linked information repositories, how to align and map between different data models, and how to visualise and navigate the huge connected graph of information that results." This is discussed in relation to engineering modelling here - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability.
This article advocates an interdisciplinary collaboration and systematic approach. Visualisation, navigation and interactivity can enable this.These are key questions for this thesis, where information has to be held and managed to enable modelling. The Semantic Web provides the infrastructure for distributed collaborative modelling, interaction and visualisation.
References
Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M., 1999. Weaving the Web. Harper San Francisco; Paperback: ISBN:006251587X
Berners-Lee, T., Hall, W., Hendler, J., Shadbolt, N., Weitzner, D. J. 2006. Web Science Publications - Creating a Science of the Web - Science 11 August 2006:Vol. 313. no. 5788, pp. 769 - 771.
Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O., 2001. The Semantic Web. Scientific American. May 17, 2001.
Uschold (2003) states, "The assumption that there will be terms whose meaning is publicly declared and thus sharable is critical to making the Semantic Web work." Hence, the importance of such standards and agreement as discussed here - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability. Such standards are needed both for machine interoperability and for human communication, and both benefit from agreements on ways to represent terms, and agreements on meaning of terms. Horrocks (2002) discuss how ontology languages can assist with interoperability. This provides the infrastructure for interoperable Semantic Web based applications. Uschold (2003) explains that ontologies, 'semantic mapping', and translation provide 'semantic integration'; this benefits interoperability and collaboration. The use of Semantic Web languages as programming languages would assist greatly with interoperability as these languages are standardised for use in a wide range of computer systems (as explained by Berners-Lee and Fischetti (1999) Anderson's (2007) Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) report explains that as an application becomes more popular, more people use it in order to communicate with others who use it. This enables exposing information using web technology, for re-use. Use of interoperability standards can mitigate the problem that those using popular applications can only communicate with each other, and not with those who use other applications. This problem is discussed here. The use of Semantic Web technologies and standards for collaboration.
References
Anderson, P., 2007. JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) report - What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education - http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf - JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) Technology and Standards Watch, Feb. 2007 - Within 15 years the Web has grown from a group work tool for scientists at CERN into a global information space with more than a billion users. Currently, it is both returning to its roots as a read/write tool and also entering a new, more social and participatory phase. These trends have led to a feeling that the Web is entering a 'second phase' - a new, 'improved' Web version 2.0. But how justified is this perception?
Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M., 1999. Weaving the Web. Harper San Francisco; Paperback: ISBN:006251587X
Horrocks, I., 2002. DAML+OIL: a Reason-able Web Ontology Language. In: proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2002) March 24-28 2002, Prague. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2002/edbt02.pdf.
Uschold, M, 2003 Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web? - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/events/Uschold-talk.htm - Michael Uschold, The Boeing Company - AI Center colloquium - published in AI Magazine 2003 - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SemWebCourse_files/WhereAreSemantics-AI-Mag-FinalSubmittedVersion2.pdf - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=958674 - Uschold, M., 2003 Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25 - 36.
Modelling and Semantic Web Methodology - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/ModellingSemanticWeb.htm.
Protégé - http://protege.stanford.edu/.
Jena - http://jena.sourceforge.net/.
Kaon - http://kaon.semanticweb.org/.
Metatomix m3t4 - http://www.metatomix.com/news/060307.html.
TopBraid Composer - http://www.topbraidcomposer.com/.
Aragones, A., Bruno, J., Crapo, A., Garbiras M. (2006) An Ontology-Based Architecture for Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology. Jena User Conference 2006, Bristol, UK - http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings/crapo/paper.pdf.
DecisionPro - http://www.vanguardsw.com/decisionpro/.
Koonce, D., Judd, R., Keyser, T., Bailey, M. A. (2000) Cost Estimation Tool Integrated into FIPER, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics - http://www.engineous.com/resources.htm.
MetaL - http://www.meta-language.net/.
Simkin - http://www.simkin.co.uk/Links.shtml.
Exist - http://exist.sourceforge.net/.
SPARQL - http://dret.net/glossary/sparql - Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language.
Orbeon Xforms - http://www.orbeon.com/.
Vanguard System - http://www.vanguardsw.com/.
This section develops further the research illustrated here with XForms - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#XForms, for using Semantic Web languages and accessing them with applications built to enable end-users to create and interact with Semantic Web information sources.
Semantic Search Example
The example below illustrates how it is possible to enable refining a search by visualising all the items present in sub-categories of the main category found in the search. McGuinness (2003) explains how ontologies support this functionality and calls this 'generalization/specialization' of information. Uschold and Gruninger (2004) describe 'ontology-based search' as "Ontology used for concept-based structuring of information in a repository"; and describe the benefit of this as "better information access." This aids the thesis objectives of ease of use and sharing of information.
McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
Uschold M, Gruninger M, 2004, Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity, - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing, Univerity of Maryland - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
The use of open standards for representing information makes it possible to enable searches that understand the semantics of the information and so can track all of the relationships between items. The screenshot below illustrates the interface for making a search. In this example the user wants to retrieve all the information related to a spar (aircraft wing part).
Taxonomy Search Example Screenshot
The result is shown as a series of trees for each item that contains the word spar. Each keyword match is the root of a tree. Each tree shows the item found and all its children and attributes. The screenshot below shows an image of the top part of the results, this is part of the branch for the first item returned.
Taxonomy Search Example Results Screenshot
The information is held in a taxonomy/ontology so it is not HTML that is being searched but the taxonomy itself. Because the information is held in a structured way, it is much more likely that searchers will find what they are looking for, because the search can follow the relationships represented in the taxonomy. One of the key objectives of Semantic Web research and Web 2.0 is to make this kind of search possible over the web as a whole. The Semantic Web is a longer-term vision for managing information over the web and Web 2.0 is the shorter-term practical implementation of techniques, which can ease current information search and management problems.
Nick Leaver's Bitriple MSc project developed this kind of functionality further - Bitriple
Cayzer (2004) argues for provision of mechanisms to allow web page creators to tag their pages easily and as a natural part of the page creation. Cayzer also argues for Semantic Web based extensions to improve structuring of user-generated information to aid inferencing.
Cayzer, S. 2004. Semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press.
Leaver, N., (2008) Using RDF as an Enabling Technology. MSc. Dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol.
More information on this subject is available at - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#Ajaxweb2research.
Research has been undertaken into how to apply the work of Berners-Lee and others in the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (2006), (Berners-Lee, 1999). In order to represent information it is necessary to use Meta-languages. The use of standards for sharing information and resources is core to research into the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web involves making the Web into a repository of knowledge, which can be catalogued and searched intelligently. Software agents could then undertake this search task. Berners-Lee and colleagues have envisaged the Semantic Web as a global database with the information held in a structured form where content is separated from formatting (Berners-Lee et al, 2001) and (Berners-Lee, 2002). To achieve this, the structure is created using XML Meta-tags, and a stylesheet provides formatting. Stylesheets are also defined using XML. The Semantic Web should make information more understandable by machines and by humans. This can help people, and intelligent agents find the information they need.
The Grid and Semantic Web areas of research are converging. The ideas and technology behind the Grid are explained in (Foster et al, 2001a) and (Foster et al, 2001b). Universities are involved in Grid and Semantic Grid-computing research, Southampton and Portsmouth Universities (De Roure et al, 2003a), (De Roure et al, 2003b), (De Roure et al, 2004), Exeter, Liverpool John Moores (Alan et al, 2003) and (Naylor et al, 2003). The Semantic Grid involves sharing of computer resources as well as information, and does not just apply to high performance computing applications. Semantic languages and ontologies can be part of a larger effort to provide a Grid of information and applications, which can be requested as required. If a user requests the answer to a problem using one computer, this can then get the help of others to solve it, Goble and De Roure (2002) explain this. Machine intelligence does not then reside in one machine but in the complex system of interacting machines. (Shim et al, 2002) state "Modeling Environments are becoming available as APIs so that these can be called directly into an end-user application." This enables models to become linked and inter-dependant.
Allan, A., Taylor, T., 2003. eSTAR:Telescopes and Databases as a Single Information Grid, Toward an International Virtual Observatory. Proceedings of the ESO/ESA/NASA/NSF Conference, Garching, Germany, 10-14 June 2002, ESO Astrophysics Symposia. ISBN 3-540-21001-6. Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 167.
Berners-Lee, T., 1999. The future of the Web http://www.w3.org/Talks/1999/0414-LCS35-tbl/slide1-1.html.
Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O., 2001. The Semantic Web. Scientific American, May 17, 2001.
Berners-Lee, T., 2002. The World Wide Web - Past Present and Future http://www.w3.org/2002/04/Japan/Lecture.html, Japan prize Commemorative Lecture.
De Roure, D., Baker, M. A, Jennings, N. R., Shadbolt, N. R., 2003. The Evolution of the Grid, Southampton University - http://www.semanticgrid.org/documents/evolution/evolution.pdf.
De Roure, D., Baker, M. A., Jennings, N. R., Shadbolt, N. R., 2003. The Semantic Grid: A Future e-Science Infrastructure, Southampton University - http://www.semanticgrid.org/documents/semgrid-journal/semgrid-journal.pdf.
De Roure, D., Baker, M. A., Jennings, N. R., Shadbolt, N. R., 2004. The Semantic Grid: Past, Present and Future http://www.semanticgrid.org/documents/semgrid2004/semgrid2004.html.
Foster, I. Kesselman, C. Tuecke, S., 2001. The Anatomy of The Grid. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, University of Southern California.
Foster, I., Kesselman C., Nick, J. M., Tuecke, S., 2001. The Physiology of The Grid, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, University of Southern California - http://www.globus.org/alliance/publications/papers/ogsa.pdf.
Naylor, T., Steele, I., Carter, D., Allan, A., Etherton, J., Mottram, C., 2003. eSTAR Building an Observational GRID. Astronomical Data Analysis Software & Systems (ADASS) Conference ASP Conference Series, 2003, Exeter University, Liverpool John Moores University, 295.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2006, Leading the Web to its Full Potential http://www.w3.org/.
Home page - http://agent-research.co.uk/ - Welcome to my homepage. I am Peter Bloodsworth a Research Fellow in the Centre for Complex Cooperative Systems at the University of the West of England, Bristol. Before that I was a Research Student within the CAP group at Oxford Brookes University. Prior to this I studied for a BSc in Computing and Mathematics at Bristol UWE - its nice to be back again. I also own a consultancy business - Agentsis Consulting (website pending still!!). - My research is mainly within the field of Artificial Intelligence, especially that involving:
Other areas of interest include:
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://blogs.talis.com/nodalities/2007/11/peter_bloodsworth_talks_with_t.php - In our latest Talking with Talis podcast, I talk with Dr Peter Bloodsworth of the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol. We discuss his research background, and the evolution of his interests from multi-agent systems toward the use of Semantic Web Ontologies. We conclude by looking at the ways in which this research is being put into practice with the European Health-e-Child project. - 27th November 2007.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/peter-bloodsworth-talks-with-talis-about-multi-agent-systems-ontologies-and-the-health-e-child-proje/4773248/ - Video from Talking with Talis.
This section builds on Semantic Web research discussed here - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SemanticWebResearch. This section examines how the kind of ontology and modelling tools illustrated here http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#OntologyTools could be used/adapted for a specific engineering context, in order to describe how the solutions explained in that section can be developed and used for modelling systems to aid decision support. The section discusses how Semantic Web/ontology based collaboration can enable cohesive ontology and model editing.
Information is scattered within organisations and often not held in such a structured way as to be easily accessed by employees or software. This problem was examined by Lau et al (2005) using the example of McDonnell Douglas (now part of Boeing), that demonstrated how difficult it is to gather unstructured knowledge. Therefore, it is important that research is undertaken into methods of capturing, structuring, distributing, analysing, and visualising information. Even where documents are represented using XML or other structured languages, it would be useful to structure the contents and semantics using an ontology, Erdmann and Studer (1999) experiment with this. This structuring using an ontology as could improve the accuracy of searches.
Eng and Salustri (2006) talk of cohesion in software systems, and the ultimate aim of transparent systems that allow people to concentrate on the problem they want to solve, with minimal need for awareness of the systems and interfaces they are using. This collaboration using linked and interoperable systems helps people reach agreement on the meaning of terms, and encourages end-user modelling/programming by enabling simplified development of online applications. This could be an efficient way of managing large ontologies with multiple users. There is a need for Semantic Web applications in order to increase the amount of Semantic Web information that can be searched. This could result in a virtuous circle of Semantic Web applications creating Semantic Web information, and so justifying the creation of more Semantic Web applications to access it. This research advocates the use of Semantic Web applications for modelling and end-user programming, and integration into business applications.
McGuinness (2003) recommends the Semantic Web as a platform for conceptual modelling by non-experts linking to frame-based ontologies:
"A language should be usable with existing platforms and should be something that non-experts can use to do their conceptual modeling. The web is clearly the most important platform with which to be compatible today, thus any language choice should be able to leverage the web. Additionally, frame-based systems have had a long history of being thought of as conceptually easy to use, thus a frame paradigm may be worth considering."
A modelling environment needs to be created by software developers in order to allow users/model builders/domain experts to create collaborative and interoperable models. This modelling environment could be created using an open standard language such as XML (eXtensible Markup Language), and layers of semantics built upon XML. Cheung et al. (2005) put forward the importance of XML for interoperability and knowledge re-use - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability. This assists with the interoperability goals explained in http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability. As the high (user) level translation, a Semantic Web based modelling environment would depend on tools developed in order to assist the user, provide an interface and manage the user interface. These tools are written by developers using lower level languages, in order to enable modelling by other developers and eventually end-user modellers. Cheung et al. (2005) provide an ontology editor for knowledge sharing in manufacturing. Cheung et al. explain that until recently ontologies have been predominately applied in the medical informatics field. Cheung et al. argue that "With the development of user-friendly ontology editing software and automatic data exchange functions, the application of ontological approaches to exchange information across the WWW is most likely to be an essential aspect of the next generation of global knowledge management tools." Visualising and editing ontologies for use by engineers, combined with interoperability via open standards languages helps to make modelling practical. Linking ontologies with modelling tools will also make ontologies useful in engineering and science, and mathematics, whenever calculations are required.
Ontologies are defined by Gruber (1993b) "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization". Fensel et al. (2001) explain Gruber's ontology definition. They explain that conceptualization refers to an abstract model of a phenomenon in the real world which identifies its relevant concepts. Explicit means the types of concepts and the constraints are explicitly defined. Formal means the ontology is machine understandable. Uschold and Gruninger (2004, 59) also explain and expand on Gruber’s definition in a similar way, and explain the application of ontologies. Gruber (1993a, 1) further explains the ontology definition "For knowledge-based systems, what "exists" is exactly that which can be represented". This illustrates the need to state everything needed for an ontology based model in a machine understandable way. Gruber (1993a) examines the role of formal ontologies in enabling machine understanding of information. Gruber discusses representation in ontologies for machine understanding, and difficulties in ensuring interoperability and collaboration due to the problems of agreeing terminology and system representation.The representation must also be understood by humans of course. Cheung et al. (2005) cite Davies et al. (2002) in explaining that ontologies "provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems". Conceptualization is a simplified version of reality, therefore, there is no need to represent anything other than what is required for the model(s). The main difficulty is ensuring the ontology is represented sufficiently to enable machine understanding but also simplified enough to enable representation, modelling, and visualisation to humans.
This paper (Uschold, 2006) is especially relevant to those who manage information and modeling systems in industry. Uschold (2003) and (2006) outlines a knowledge representation continuum of :-
"Implicit - Informal (explicit) - Formal (for humans) - Formal (for machines)"
Uschold (2003) and (2006) show a diagram of this continuum and include on it various things ranging from informal such as glossary, thesauri, through such things as schemas and UML to formal logic. Uschold (2003) explains that though the word Semantics actually means ‘meaning’ there is no clear definition of the term "Semantic Web", instead Uschold defines Semantic Web related technologies and ideas using examples. Uschold (2003) concludes that there is "consensus that the key defining feature is machine usable Web content."
Uschold states that "there is nothing inherently good about being further along the semantic continuum. In some cases there will be advantages; in other cases there will not. What is good is what works." Though Uschold (2003) argues that evolution along this continuum will happen over time, as the relevant technology advances. His main point in both papers is to have in mind what the Semantics are to be used for and how they are to be used. More machine readability, and a reduction in ambiguity can be worth the extra effort if the project is sufficiently important and long term, because the advantages are "more robust, correctly functioning and easy to maintain" applications, Uschold (2003). The research for this thesis explains and demonstrates the ideas behind an ontology based translation between humans and computers to aid modelling/programming.
Research in the use and visualisation of Semantic Web information can provide the tools that end-user programmers have been lacking until recently, and these tools can be used for modelling; Cheung (2005) makes this point. Horrocks et al. (2003) discuss the structure, syntax, benefits and use of ontology languages for information representation and how this assists automated agents. Horrocks et al. also talk of defining properties as general rules over other properties and of defining operations on datatypes, this research could assist in providing a visual rule and equation editor and progress towards Semantic Web programming. An editing facility to model these equations and constraints, so that errors could be prevented, would improve the usability of visual modelling systems created. McGuinness (2003) refers to such a facility as 'consistency checking'. Sutton (2001) illustrates how representing and translating knowledge into a knowledge based system for decision support is likely to be very difficult. Most people 'just do' a task and therefore never write down instructions for others, Cheung et al., (2007) also make this point. Eng and Salustri (2006) refer to a dimension from 'tacit to articulatable' knowledge. This highlights the difficulty of getting information into a knowledge base when it may be either only in individual's minds, or completely unstructured.
The web is a useful environment for enabling people to add their knowledge in both a less structured Web 2.0 way, and a more structured Semantic Web way. Uschold (2003) argues that "the Web is evolving from being primarily a place to find things to being a place to do things as well." Uschold argues that an evolution of the Semantic Web "will take place by (1) moving along the semantic continuum from implicit semantics to formal semantics for machine processing, (2) reducing the amount of Web content semantics that is hardwired, (3) increasing the amount of agreements and standards, and (4) developing semantic mapping and translation capabilities where differences remain." Uschold defines the Semantic Web as being machine usable and associated with more meaning. Uschold explains that "In order to carry out their required tasks, intelligent agents must communicate and understand meaning". Miller and Baramidze (2005) explain that "Finding information in the new Semantic Web will likely become some hybrid of information retrieval, navigation and query processing". This is researched and implemented within this thesis with example applications. Miller et al. (2001) explain the technology behind web-based simulations, and argue the need for demonstrating the application of web-based simulations for major projects. Kuljis and Paul (2001) evaluate progress in the field of web simulation. They argue the need for web-based simulations to be focussed on solving real-world problems in order to be successful. This allows for examination of the problems of definition of terms and of provision of editing facilities. This thesis examines and demonstrates solutions to a 'real world' problem of aerospace costing.
Uschold and Gruninger (2004, 58) emphasize that "people use terms differently and mapping and translation must take place across different communities." Uschold (2003) also examines this issue. Ciocoiu et al. (2000) explain that growing complexity in manufacturing hinders the ability to share information as the meaning is affected by its context. Engineers may have different names for the same thing, e.g. wing skin stiffeners may be referred to as stringers, but rib stiffeners are never called stringers. There is a relationship of stringer to stiffener, which needs to be defined, and this definition depends on the context; Green et al. (2007) discuss these terminology problems. A classification scheme or ontology is necessary in order to make communication precise. Such an ontology can also be used to help non-specialists understand the terminology of a particular domain.
Coutaz, (2007) explains that "An interactive system is a graph of models related by mappings and transformations." This would fit in well with the structure of RDF, which is also a graph structure, an interactive editable tree/graph of models could be produced, in order to relate models and sub models, and ontologies, and sub ontologies all to each other.
Information on Model Driven Programing is available at - "http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#ModelDrivenProgramming.
More detail on this subject is available at http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/ModellingSemanticWeb.htm, http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/#OntologyBasedModellingSolutions, and http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability.
Cheung, W. M., Maropoulos, P. G., Gao, J. X., Aziz, H., 2005. Ontological Approach for Organisational Knowledge Re-use in Product Developing Environments. In: 11th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising - ICE 2005, University BW Munich, Germany.
Cheung, W. M., Matthews, P. C., Gao, J. X., Maropoulos, P. G., 2007. Advanced product development integration architecture: an out-of-box solution to support distributed production networks. International Journal of Production Research March 2007.
Ciocoiu, M., Gruninger, M., Nau, D. S., 2000 - Ontologies for Integrating Engineering Applications - Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1(1) pp 12-22.
Coutaz, J., 2007. Meta-User Interfaces for Ambient Spaces: Can Model-Driven-Engineering Help?. In: End-User Software Engineering Dagstuhl Seminar.
Davies, J., Fensel, D., van Harmelen, F., 2002. On-To-Knowledge: Semantic Web enabled Knowledge Management, (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, ISBN: 0470848677).
Eng, N., Salustri, F. A., 2006. "Rugplot" Visualization for Preliminary Design - http://www.cden2006.utoronto.ca/data/10042.pdf or http://deseng.ryerson.ca/~fil/I/Papers/cden06rugplot.pdf - CDEN AGM and "Crossing Design Boundaries" Conference in July 2006 - Wiki to go with this paper - http://deseng.ryerson.ca/xiki/View/Oplm/RugPlotPaper.
Erdmann, M., Studer, R. 1999. Ontologies as Conceptual Models for XML Documents. In: Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modelling and Management (KAW'99), Banff, Canada, October 1999. - http://xml.coverpages.org/erdmann-semantic-xql-webdb00.pdf.
Fensel, D. Van Harmelen, F. Horrocks, I. McGuinness, D. Patel-Schneider, P. F., 2001. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2), pp 38-45. - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2001/IEEE-IS01.pdf.
Green, S., Beeson, I., Kamm, R., 2007. Process architectures and process models: opportunities for reuse. In: 8th Workshop on Business Process Modeling, Development, and Support BPMDS07 and CAiSE'07 11-15 June 2007, Trondheim, Norway.
Gruber, T. R., 1993, A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications, Knowledge Acquisition, vol 5 pp 199-220.
Gruber, T. R., 1993, Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing - http://www2.umassd.edu/SWAgents/agentdocs/stanford/onto-design.pdf - In Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation, edited by Nicola Guarino and Roberto Poli, Kluwer Academic Publishers, in press. Substantial revision of paper presented at the International Workshop on Formal Ontology, March, 1993, Padova, Italy. Available as Technical Report KSL 93-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University.
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P. F., van Harmelen, F., 2003. From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics, Vol 1(1), pp 7-26.
Kuljis, J., Paul, R. J., An appraisal of web-based simulation: whither we wander? 2001 Kuljis Jasna, R J Paul Simulation Practice and Theory 9 37-54.
Lau, H. C. W., Ning, A., Pun, K. F., Chin, K. S., Ip, W. H., 2005. A knowledge-based system to support procurement decision. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(1), pp 87-100.
McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
Miller, J A., Baramidze, G., - Simulation and the Semantic Web - 2005. - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference.
Sutton, D. C., 2001. What is knowledge and can it be managed?. European Journal of Information Systems, Vol 10 pp 72-79.
Uschold, M, 2003 Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web? - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/events/Uschold-talk.htm - Michael Uschold, The Boeing Company - AI Center colloquium - published in AI Magazine 2003 - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SemWebCourse_files/WhereAreSemantics-AI-Mag-FinalSubmittedVersion2.pdf - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=958674 - Uschold, M., 2003 Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25 - 36.
Uschold, M., Gruninger, M., 2004, Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity, - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing, Univerity of Maryland - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Objectives for future development of Ontologies - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2007/09/objectives-for-future-development-of.html.
Ontology Visualisation and Interaction - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2007/09/ontology-visualisation-and-interaction.html.
Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) is an ontology-based approach to modeling and implementing intelligent user interfaces built on top of Jena. Its potential benefits and underlying technologies are explored in the context of decision support systems.
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Paper - ACUITy semantic web application - An Ontology-Based Architecture for Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology - A Aragones, J Bruno, A Crapo, M Garbias.
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Presentation - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Hewlett-Packard Jena Conference Presentation - Andrew W Crapo.
General Electric - An Introduction to ACUITy and the APVF Ontology - Paper - General Electric Global Research - Amy Aragones, Jeanette Bruno, Andrew Crapo, Marc Garbiras - October, 2005.
General Electric - Overview of The AcuityController - http://acuity.sourceforge.net/acuitycontrollerwebpages/AcuityController.html - Andrew Crapo - June, 2005.
General Electric Release ACUITy software - Open Source - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) is an open-source framework and architecture for developing semantically-enabled mixed initiative user interfaces - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - September 22 2006.
Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDF(S) and OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine.
BrownSauce RDF Browser - http://brownsauce.sourceforge.net/ - BrownSauce is an attempt to write a generic RDF browser. It was written by Damian Steer whilst employed at HP Labs Bristol.
Dr Mark H. Butler (Now at Hewlett-Packard) - http://www.linkedin.com/in/butlermh - Research and Advanced Development Engineer.
Application-driven Semantic Web Research - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/applications.htm - HP Labs.
Efficient RDF Storage and Retrieval in Jena2 - http://www.cs.uic.edu/~ifc/SWDB/papers/Wilkinson_etal.pdf - Kevin Wilkinson, Craig Sayers, Harumi Kuno, Dave Reynolds - HP Laboratories - December 16th 2003.
Hewlett-Packard - HP Labs Semantic Web Research.
Hewlett-Packard - Student Projects - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/student-work.htm.
Introduction to Jena - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-jena/ - Use RDF models in your Java applications with the Jena Semantic Web Framework - Philip McCarthy, IBM developerWorks - 23 June 2004.
Jena - http://jena.sourceforge.net/.
Jena - http://jena.sourceforge.net/tutorial// - Jena Tutorial.
Jena - http://jena.sourceforge.net/tutorial// - Jena Tutorial.
Jena: Implementing the RDF Model and Syntax Specification - http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/bwm/papers/20001221-paper/ - Brian McBride - Hewlett Packard Laboratories - Bristol, UK.
Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations. Carroll, J. J., Dickinson, I., Dollin, C., Reynolds, D., Seaborne, A., and Wilkinson, K. 2004. Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web Conference on Alternate Track Papers & Posters (New York, NY, USA, May 19 - 21, 2004). WWW Alt. '04. ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 74-83. - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/carroll04jena.html.
Jena Semantic Web Platform User Conference JUC - 2007 - http://hpl.hp.com/conferences/juc2007/ - Silicon Valley California - September 5-6 2007 - Jena is an open source Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine.
Jena User Conference - 2006 - First Jena User Conference - May 10-11 Bristol.
Jena User Conference - 2006 - Presentations and Papers - First Jena User Conference - Proceedings.
Jena User Conference - 2006 - Photos - http://swordfish.rdfweb.org/photos/2006/05/11/ - Conference Photos.
Joseki - A SPARQL Server for Jena - Joseki - A SPARQL Server for Jena.
Semantic Blogging Demonstrator - http://www.semanticblogging.org/semblog/blog/default/ - The demonstration platform for HP Labs' semantic blogging research programme.
SPARQLer - An RDF Query Demo - http://sparql.org/query.html - Example queries (or edit and write your own!). All the text boxes invoke the same "books" service - they just get initialised with different examples.
Tools - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/tools.htm - HP Labs.
This approach of using Semantic Web and Web 2.0 techniques for end-user programming/modelling is researched by Leaver (2008), and demonstrated in a project created by Leaver, and called Bitriple. Bitriple aims to enable end-user functionality for Semantic Web/Web 2.0 style web-based ontology construction and search. This application added a facility to edit an ontology/ies, and instances based on the ontology/ies, and progress towards development of applications and querying of ontologies. The application was also used within this thesis to create an online wing ontology and search this. Having tested the Bitriple ontology creation capabilities it also became obvious that the ontologies already created in Protégé and translated for Vanguard System could also be translated to run within the Bitriple web-based application. Bitriple uses open standard semantic representations in RDF/XML, a language already used extensively for the stepped translation within this thesis. The Bitriple application illustrated that using Semantic Web and Web 2.0 technologies in combination to enable end-user modelling/programming is possible. Large amounts of Semantic Web information could be created and stored quickly using this application. Therefore, this indicates that an aim of enabling creation of Semantic Web information, with a limited requirement to understand how it is stored, has been met. So to users, Bitriple is a straightforward web application and could be used without the need to learn about Semantic Web structuring. This application enables creation of Semantic Web information that then could be an incentive for creation or linking of other Semantic Web applications, and generate more opportunities for end-user programming/modelling.
The application provides a facility to edit an ontology/ies and instances, and provides tree-based visualisation of the ontology (as shown in the screenshot). This example illustrates creation of an online aircraft wing ontology. Wing component sub ontologies created using Protégé can be translated for the Bitriple application to be represented as RDF/XML. An application could be built as an extension to Bitriple to perform calculations and modelling using the information stored. This could assist in allowing domain expert end-user programmers/modellers to create models. Such web applications provide an alternative to spreadsheets, and to single computer based programs; and if installed on a network server, such applications can provide a collaborative model development environment. Collaboration can aid people to agree on terminology, and standardisation of calculations used such as for cost rates and currencies.
Leaver, N., (2008) Using RDF as an Enabling Technology. MSc. Dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol.
A screenshot from the Bitriple application, of ontology creation for an aircraft wing, is shown below -
Bitriple Ontology Creation Screenshot
RDF information can be searched with SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language), which is used to search the Bitriple application - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SPARQL.
KAON (Volz et al, 2003) is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It allows for creation and management of ontologies, and provides a framework for building ontology-based applications.
Volz also discusses issues in the development of an ontology based software environment, and explains why such an environment is required.
KAON - http://kaon.semanticweb.org/ - KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It includes a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology creation and management and provides a framework for building ontology-based applications. An important focus of KAON is scalable and efficient reasoning with ontologies.
Stefen, S., Staab, S.,Studer, R., http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/~sst/Research/Publications/aaai99-hpsetal-ontoprocess.pdf - This paper describes a principled approach towards creating an IT-support environment for knowledge workers.
Volz, R., Oberle, D., Staab, S., Motik., B., 2003. KAON SERVER - A Semantic Web Management System. Alternate Track Proceedings of the Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2003, Budapest, Hungary, 20-24 May 2003. ACM. http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/dob/pubs/www2003.pdf.
Semantic Toolkit for Eclipse developers enabling them to create and modify semantically-enabled software solutions.
Metatomix m3t4 - http://www.metatomix.com/news/060307.html.
Mondeca - http://www.mondeca.com/index.php/en/intelligent_topic_manager/features/ontology_management_ontology_software - Ontology Management - Ontology Software - ITM's ontology manager supports formal representation of business reference models and the organization of associated content.
Ontolingua is a web-based ontology development system, which uses hyperlinks to relate concepts. It provides a distributed collaborative environment to browse, create, edit, modify, and use ontologies, with a standard web browser.
Ontolingua - http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/ontolingua/.
Protégé allows storage of information in the semantic languages Resource Description Framework (RDF), Web Ontology Language (OWL), and the relational database Access. I am working on an example of a wing spar. The Protégé information from this example is read into DecisionPro (now Vanguard System) decision support software.
Protégé Home - http://protege.stanford.edu/
Protégé My Page - http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?UserDrivenProgramming
Protégé Projects - http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ProjectsThatUseProtege
The OWL-S Editor - A Domain-Specific Extension to Protégé Elenius, D., 2005. - 8th Intl. Protégé Conference - July 18-21, 2005 - Madrid, Spain.
WebProtege Wiki Page http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?WebProtege.
A web interface has been developed for Protégé WebProtege http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?WebProtege. An example of the use of this is shown here - where I used WebProtege to create an ontology and a search is made for information on the cure cycle for composites manufacturing. This search is possible as WebProtege has succeeded in providing a web based interface for displaying ans searching ontologies, so providing an additional way to enable web access to the test ontologies created for my thesis.
Plug ins
Jambalaya - http://www.thechiselgroup.org/~chisel/projects/jambalaya/jambalaya.html - Jambalaya is a plug-in created for Protégé which uses SHriMP to visualize regular Protégé and OWL knowledge-bases that you or somebody else has created. SHriMP (Simple Hierarchical Multi-Perspective) - is a domain-independent visualization technique designed to enhance how people browse and explore complex information spaces.
Ontoviz - http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?OntoViz - The OntoViz Tab allows you to visualize Protege ontologies with the help of a highly sophisticated graph visualization software called Graphviz from AT&T.
Owlviz - http://www.co-ode.org/downloads/owlviz/co-ode-index.php - OWLViz is designed to be used with the Protege OWL plugin. It enables the class hierarchies in an OWL Ontology to be viewed and incrementally navigated, allowing comparison of the asserted class hierarchy and the inferred class hierarchy.
The Semantic Discovery System - http://www.insilicodiscovery.com/v2/index.php - We aim to Accelerate Research in Information Discovery focused Organisations. - The Semantic Web will put enormous new power in the hands of everyone trying to get valuable answers from the web - instead of frustrating Google searches, people will get fast, accurate and highly valuable answers - because they will finally be able to ask the exact questions they really want. Our product - SDS - focuses this new Semantic Web power not just on the 'Web' but also on the valuable information locked inside organisational databases - for the first time, ordinary people will be able to get answers that would otherwise have taken impossible amounts of programming. - http://www.meaning2go.com/ - Ian Goldsmid - http://www.linkedin.com/in/iangoldsmid.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://blogs.talis.com/nodalities/2007/11/peter_bloodsworth_talks_with_t.php - In our latest Talking with Talis podcast, I talk with Dr Peter Bloodsworth of the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol. We discuss his research background, and the evolution of his interests from multi-agent systems toward the use of Semantic Web Ontologies. We conclude by looking at the ways in which this research is being put into practice with the European Health-e-Child project. - 27th November 2007.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/peter-bloodsworth-talks-with-talis-about-multi-agent-systems-ontologies-and-the-health-e-child-proje/4773248/ - Video from Talking with Talis.
Talis Engage - http://www.talis.com/engage/ - Community information at your fingertips - Talis Engage is an online community information solution that allows citizens to organise, create and publish details of their events, organisations and groups. - Engage - with Semantic Web - http://blogs.talis.com/panlibus/archives/2007/12/engage_with_sem.php - A Platform for Talis and others to simply build powerful applications upon, that has Semantic Web Technologies at its core - Richard Wallis at December 3, 2007.
Talis Engage - Welcome to your new Talis Engage tenancy! - Talis Engage allows you to organise, create and publish details of community events, organisations, groups and resources. Citizens can discover, subscribe to and suggest changes to information. Talis Engage is based on Talis' Platform APIs so you can mash up the data contained within Engage with the rest of the web.
Talis Platform and Semantic Web Podcasts - http://www.talis.com/platform/resources/podcasts.shtml - Podcasts.
Talis Platform - Semantic Web Application Platform - http://www.talis.com/platform/index.shtml - Overview - Driven by a vision of the convergence of social, technical and economic waves of disruption, Talis have created an environment for building next generation applications and services. The Talis Platform enables innovative applications that learn from and assist their users to be created by any software developer.
BIRT: Creating SPARQL-based charts and reports - http://composing-the-semantic-web.blogspot.com/2007/11/birt-creating-sparql-based-charts-and.html - Composing the Semantic Web - A tool developer's blog on ontology development for the Semantic Web and beyond. - Being based on the Eclipse platform, TopBraid Composer can seamlessly integrate with other Eclipse-based tools and services. One of the most complex Eclipse plug-ins is BIRT, an open source Eclipse-based reporting system that can be used to generate charts and other reports from input data. BIRT is typically used to take its input from relational databases or spreadsheets, but it provides an open architecture that allows programmers to plug in arbitrary tabular data sources. - November 12, 2007.
Space Missions Per Shuttle - TopBraid Composer
TopBraid Composer - The Complete Semantic Modeling Toolset - a visual modeling environment from industry experts for creating and managing domain models and ontologies in the Semantic Web standards RDF Schema and OWL. Design and implementation of Composer are lead by Holger Knublauch, TopQuadrant's Product Technical Director. Holger was formerly the designer and developer of Protégé-OWL, the leading open-source ontology editor. TopBraid Composer leverages the experiences gained with Protégé and other tools into a professional ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Composer is based on the Eclipse platform and uses Jena as its underlying API.
TopQuadrant - http://www.topquadrant.com/ - Consulting and Tools for Ontology-Based Semantic Web Solutions.
Web 2.0 Arrives to Find Web 3.0 Underway - TopQuadrant and Franz to announce development of semantic Web technology that aims to make computers smarter - The combination of TopQuadrant TopBraid Composer and Franz AllegoGraph 64-bit RDF Store database doesn't mean anything to most people. But meaning is what the two companies aim to provide. - Dr Dobb's Poral - April 16, 2007.
Visual Knowledge - Semantic WIKI - http://www.visualknowledge.com - Visual Knowledge build conventional applications that are driven by ontologies rather than by code. A great deal of our underlying systems and frameworks are also model driven.
User Driven Modelling Semantic Wiki - http://www.visualknowledge.com/wikikey/A143074S3496911 - Community.
Protégé, Eclipse and Jena are used as construction tools to provide a development environment for creation and customisation of modelling systems. These systems are also built on open standard information formats; this means the systems can be interoperable, and enables people or organisations to make use of any of these systems without worrying about being locked in to that particular system. Protégé is used throughout this research but other tools have been investigated, and also would be used for future work. Corcho et al. compare, contrast and describe ontology development tools, making use of a helpful tabular format. McGuinness (2003) also investigates ontology tools/systems, and advocates their use for supporting collaboration for distributed teams. Uschold and Gruninger (2004, 59) show, with the aid of a diagram, the continuum from informal to formal taxonomies/ontologies, and the kind of tools that are used in each part of this continuum. Uschold and Gruninger (2004, 62) describe 'Ontology-based Specification:', stating:
"There is a growing interest in the idea of 'Ontology-Driven Software Engineering' in which an ontology of a given domain is created and used as a basis for specification and development of some software. The idea is to create an ontology that characterizes and specifies the things that the software system must address, and then use this ontology as a(partial) set of requirements for building the software... In the case of ontology-based specification, the ontology is used as the basis for software development. For example, the development of an entire suite of product design software (including viewing and presentation tools, data bases, and even marketing and accounting tools that are used to trackproduct sales) could be driven from the same ontology.This would ensure easier interoperability among software systems whose relationships are typically only implicit. The benefits of ontology-based specification are best seen when there is a formal link between the ontology and the software. This is the approach of the so called 'Model-Driven Architecture' created and promoted by the OMG, as well as ontology software which automatically creates Java classes and Java Documents from an ontology. When the ontology changes, the code is automatically updated. A large variety of applications may use the accessor functions from the ontology. Not only does this ensure greater interoperation, but it also offers significant cost reduction for software evolution and maintenance."
It is important not to stay limited on one ontology development environment but instead explore how ontologies can be developed using a range of tools and translated between each where necessary; (Garcia-Castro and Gomez-Perez, 2006) are testing this process. This would involve using and translating between tools such as those discussed in the sections above, and others that may yet be developed.
Further Information on future work with ontologies is available here - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale#FurtherResearch.
References
Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, Tools and Languages For Building Ontologies. Where is their Meeting Point?. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 46, pp 41-64.
Garcia-Castro R, Gomez-Perez A, Interoperability of Protégé using RDF(S) as interchange language, 2006, 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California. - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/abstracts/3.4_Garcia-Castro_Gomez-Perez_Protege2006.pdf.
McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
Uschold, M., Gruninger, M., 2004, Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity, - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing, Univerity of Maryland - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Automated Generation of Modelling Programs using Jena and Protégé - HTML Word PDF
DBpedia and Simile Timeline - http://thewallaceline.blogspot.com/2007/12/dbpedia-and-simile-timeline.html - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/DBpedia_with_SPARQL_and_Simile_Timeline_-_Album_Chronology - Sunday, December 30, 2007 - Simile Timeline provides a neat way to display events and we have been using it on the FOLD project and on the DSA module to represent the events in the life of music artists and groups, with data extracted by hand from a copy of the Rolling Stones Review. Having discovered DBpedia, it seems obvious to progress to using this data source instead. The XQuery code is presented in an article in the Wikibook.
Dr Mark H. Butler (Now at Hewlett-Packard) - http://www.linkedin.com/in/butlermh - Research and Advanced Development Engineer.
Dr Peter Bloodsworth - http://www.agent-research.co.uk/ - The main focus of my research program is to apply multi-agent systems to real-world problems, finding novel solutions where necessary to overcome important challenges. Interdisciplinary research is central to my aims, I have already applied my research in the area of Healthcare and envisage future collaboration in other domains.
Drag and Drop Programming - Example and Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#DragandDropProgramming.
Drag and Drop Programming - Post - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2007/08/drag-and-drop-programming.html.
DSA2006 - http://dsa2006.blogspot.com/ - This blog supports the group of students taking Data, Schemas and Applications UFIEKG-20-3, a module taught in the Information Systems School at the University of the West of England in Bristol, UK.
Interoperability - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#Interoperability.
Meta-Programming, Translation, Semantic Web - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/EndUserProgramming.htm#MetaProgrammingTranslationSemanticWeb.
Modelling and Semantic Web Methodology - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/ModellingSemanticWeb.htm.
Home page - http://agent-research.co.uk/ - Welcome to my homepage. I am Peter Bloodsworth a Research Fellow in the Centre for Complex Cooperative Systems at the University of the West of England, Bristol. Before that I was a Research Student within the CAP group at Oxford Brookes University. Prior to this I studied for a BSc in Computing and Mathematics at Bristol UWE - its nice to be back again. I also own a consultancy business - Agentsis Consulting (website pending still!!). - My research is mainly within the field of Artificial Intelligence, especially that involving:
Other areas of interest include:
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://blogs.talis.com/nodalities/2007/11/peter_bloodsworth_talks_with_t.php - In our latest Talking with Talis podcast, I talk with Dr Peter Bloodsworth of the University of the West of England (UWE) in Bristol. We discuss his research background, and the evolution of his interests from multi-agent systems toward the use of Semantic Web Ontologies. We conclude by looking at the ways in which this research is being put into practice with the European Health-e-Child project. - 27th November 2007.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/peter-bloodsworth-talks-with-talis-about-multi-agent-systems-ontologies-and-the-health-e-child-proje/4773248/ - Video from Talking with Talis.
Programming with XML - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm#ProgrammingwithXML.
RDF Resource Description Framework/Semantic Web - RDF information/Semantic Web.
Semantic Web - Semantic Web.
Semantic Web research relevant for Translation - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/EndUserProgramming.htm#SemanticWebresearchrelevantforTranslation.
SWIG-UK Powerpoint Presentation - at Hewlett-Packard - Bristol UK - semantic web interest group - InteractiveModellingandVisualisationofInformation.ppt - November 23rd 2007 - other presentations are at http://swig.networkedplanet.com/special.html - including a UWE presentation http://swig.networkedplanet.com/cccs_hp.ppt - Health-e-Child.
XQuery/RDF and the Emp-Dept case study - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/RDF_and_the_Emp-Dept_case_study - The Employee -Department case study used in the comparison of SQL and XQuery is used here to explore the XQuery/SPARQL pairing. This is a work-in-progress as the writer learns about RDF, the semantic web and linked data. - Chris Wallace.
These links include RDF examples and research using SPARQL queries with Jena and other useful RDF and SPARQL resources.
A Theory of Compatible Versions - http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/1684 - XML.com - David Orchard - December 20, 2006.
ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia and the Web - http://www.sigweb.org/ - Welcome.
Andy Seaborne - SPARQLer - An RDF Query Demo.
ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena - ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena.
Automated Generation of Modelling Programs Using Jena and Protege - article.
Hewlett-Packard - HP Labs Semantic Web Research - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/.
Ian Horrocks - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/ - Professor in the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester.
IBM Academic resources - Semantics - http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/topics/semantics - New semantic information management schemes enable companies to make better use of their information.
IBM - Thinking XML: Basic XML and RDF techniques for knowledge management, Part 1 - http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-think4/index.html - Generate RDF using XSLT - Uche Ogbuji - 01 Jul 2001.
IBM - Thinking XML: Basic XML and RDF techniques for knowledge management, Part 2 - http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-think5/index.html - Combining files into an RDF model, and basic RDF querying - Uche Ogbuji - 01 Jul 2001.
I'm dreaming of RSS in => AIML out - http://www.mendicott.com/2007/12/im-dreaming-of-rss-in-aiml-out.html - Marcus L Endicott Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web & Web 3.0 in Travel & Tourism - I am still trying to get my head around the relationship between chatbots and the Semantic Web, or Web 3.0.... Any thoughts or comments on the precise nature of this relationship are welcome. - Converting from VKB back into AIML was my first crash course in working with XML dialects.... Since then the old lightbulb has gone off, or rather "on" I should say, and it suddenly dawned on me that the whole hullabaloo about Web 2.0 largely centers on the exchange of metadata, most often in the form of RSS, another XML dialect. - I was really stoked to learn of the work of Eric Freese, apparently processing logic using the Jena framework then manually(?) converting that RDF into AIML; however, I continue to wait for word of his "Semetag/AIMEE" example at http://www.semetag.com . - My understanding is that it is quite do-able, as in off the shelf, to pull RSS into a database and accumulate it there.... Could such a database of RSS not be used as a potential knowledgebase for a chatbot? - 22 December 2007.
Integrated Visualization for Semantic Web - http://iswc2004.semanticweb.org/posters/PID-SDILZKDC-1090228300.pdf - Ing-Xiang, C., Chun-Lin, F., Pang-Hsiang. L, Li-Chia, K., Cheng-Zen, Y., - 2005. 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications. Vol.2. 28-30 March 2005. pp. 701-706.
Jena - Jena - A Semantic Web Framework for Java.
Journal of Web Semantics - Elsevier - http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/671322/description.
Lee Feigenbaum - SPARQL Calender Demo - SPARQL Calendar Demo - Overview.
Leigh Dodds - Twinkle: A Sparql Query Tool.
Michael Uschold - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/events/Uschold-talk.htm - Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web? - Michael Uschold, The Boeing Company - AI Center colloquium - To be published in AI Magazine sometime this year - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SemWebCourse_files/WhereAreSemantics-AI-Mag-FinalSubmittedVersion2.pdf.
O'Reilly SPARQL - SPARQL: Web 2.0 Meet the Semantic Web.
Philip McCarthy - Search RDF data with SPARQL.
Planet RDF - http://planetrdf.com/ - It's triples all the way down.
Protégé - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/index.html - 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California.
Protégé, Building Applications with Protégé: An Overview - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/AppDevelopmentTutorial_Part1.pdf - 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California - Redmond T., Tudorache T., Vendetti J.
Public RDF collection - Bob DuCharme curates this collection of RDF.
RDF:about - Quick intro to RDF.
REASE - the repository of EASE for learning units in the area of Semantic Web! - http://ubp.l3s.uni-hannover.de/ubp - REASE supports sharing knowledge for Higher Education as well as for industrial education in the area of Semantic Web and is open to any member of the academic, research, or professional community.
Ribiére, M. & Charlton, P. 2002. Ontology Overview Motorola Labs, http://www.fipa.org/docs/input/f-in-00045/f-in-00045.pdf
RuleML - http://www.ruleml.org/ - Rules in (and for) the Web have become a mainstream topic since inference rules were marked up for E-Commerce and were identified as a Design Issue of the Semantic Web, and since transformation rules were put to practice for document generation from a central XML repository (as used here). Moreover, rules have continued to play an important role in AI shells for knowledge-based systems and in Intelligent Agents, today both needing a Web interchange format, and such XML/RDF-standardized rules are now also usable for the declarative specification of Web Services. The Rule Markup Initiative has taken steps towards defining a shared Rule Markup Language (RuleML), permitting both forward (bottom-up) and backward (top-down) rules in XML for deduction, rewriting, and further inferential-transformational tasks.
Semantic Web Development - article - Peter Hale.
Semantic Web on XML - http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide1-0.html - XML 2000 Washington DC - Tim Berners-Lee - 06/12/2000.
Semantic Web - XML2000 - http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/Overview.html - Tim Berners-Lee.
SPARQLing Services - http://xtech06.usefulinc.com/schedule/paper/61 - Leigh Dodds, Ingenta plc - XTech 2006: "Building Web 2.0" - 16-19 May 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stanford University - Knowledge Management, AI Laboratory - http://ksl-web.stanford.edu.
Stylus Studio - Building Workflow Applications with XML and XQuery - Dr Michael Kay.
The semantic web is a long time coming - http://www.itweek.co.uk/itweek/comment/2167688/semantic-web-long-coming - Despite plenty of good intentions, smart text searching still beats the fledgling RDF technology - IT Week, 01 Nov 2006 - Tim Anderson.
The Semantic Web Revisited - Nigel Shadbolt and Wendy Hall, University of Southampton, Tim Berners-Lee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Editor: Steffen Staab.
W3C Publishes SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language Semantic Web Standard - http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2008-01-16-a.html - SPARQL (a recursive acronym for "SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language," pronounced "sparkle") has been released as a standard by W3C. The three-part specification was produced by members of the RDF Data Access Working Group, which is part of the W3C Semantic Web Activity. It defines a standardized query language for RDF enabling the 'joining' of decentralized collections of RDF data. - RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web. RDF "integrates a variety of applications from library catalogs and world-wide directories to syndication and aggregation of news, software, and content to personal collections of music, photos, and events using XML as an interchange syntax. The RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the Web." - January 16, 2008.
XML Army Knife - SPARQL Query Form.
There is an urgent need for semantic web tools to illustrate the benefits this technology can provide for industry. There is also a need for education in the use of semantic web technologies for industry [Diederich]. Some industry tools are available, or being developed at present but they are still difficult for industry employees to find - These links should help - [Diederich http://www.l3s.de/~diederich/Papers/swet2006-ease.pdf][Jena User Conference] http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings.html - and the list of projects below -
DBpedia and Simile Timeline - http://thewallaceline.blogspot.com/2007/12/dbpedia-and-simile-timeline.html - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/DBpedia_with_SPARQL_and_Simile_Timeline_-_Album_Chronology - Sunday, December 30, 2007 - Simile Timeline provides a neat way to display events and we have been using it on the FOLD project and on the DSA module to represent the events in the life of music artists and groups, with data extracted by hand from a copy of the Rolling Stones Review. Having discovered DBpedia, it seems obvious to progress to using this data source instead. The XQuery code is presented in an article in the Wikibook.
E-Health and Grids - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/researchgroup.php?menu=off&group=ehealthgrids.
MammoGrid - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/project.php?menu=off&name=mammogrid - With the advent of the information age in radiology clinicians are being presented with analysis opportunities hitherto unforeseen, both in terms of data volumes and in data interpretation. Grids computing promises to resolve many of the difficulties in facilitating medical image analysis to allow clinicians to collaborate without having to co-locate.
SHARE - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/project.php?menu=off&name=share -The SHARE project (Supporting and structuring Healthgrid Activities and Research in Europe) aims to define a roadmap for future healthgrid research, highlighting opportunities, obstacles and potential bottlenecks.
Software Engineering Research Group - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/researchgroup.php?menu=off&group=serg - SERG's mission is to bridge the gap between software engineering research and its application to different disciplines.
OntoREM: Ontology-driven Requirements Engineering Methodology - This research aims to investigate and develop an Ontology driven Requirements Engineering Methodology (OntoREM) that addresses the needs of complex, trans-national and multidisciplinary fields with particular reference but not limited to the aerospace industry.
SoAgile: Adaptive Model-Driven Service-Oriented Architectures for Agile Cyber-Enterprise Processes - The SoAgile project aims to design, develop, demonstrate, and disseminate a service-adaptable virtualisation layer and an encompassing evolutionary service-oriented and model-driven engineering environment.
SWIG-UK Powerpoint Presentation - at Hewlett-Packard - Bristol UK - semantic web interest group - InteractiveModellingandVisualisationofInformation.ppt - November 23rd 2007 - other presentations are at http://swig.networkedplanet.com/special.html - including a UWE presentation http://swig.networkedplanet.com/cccs_hp.ppt - Health-e-Child.
UWE Student Project - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Web%20Semantic/Index.html - Investigating and implement the idea of 'ModConsWest' (Modelling and Constructionism with Web based E-Learning Semantic Tools)" - Lee Ediagbonya and Awaab Eltahir.
XQuery/RDF and the Emp-Dept case study - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/RDF_and_the_Emp-Dept_case_study - The Employee -Department case study used in the comparison of SQL and XQuery is used here to explore the XQuery/SPARQL pairing. This is a work-in-progress as the writer learns about RDF, the semantic web and linked data. - Chris Wallace.
ActiveRDF - http://activerdf.org/ - putting the semantic web on rails - ActiveRDF is a library for accessing RDF data from Ruby programs.
Adiuri - http://www.adiuri.com - Founded in 2002, Adiuri was created to commercially develop the research work carried out by the Universities of Bath and Bristol - Faceted Classification and Adaptive Concept Matching.
AKT Advanced Knowledge Technologies - http://www.aktors.org/akt/ - University Research Collaboration.
Altova - SemanticWorks - SemanticWorks - visual Semantic Web design tool for RDF and OWL.
Amaya - http://www.w3.org/Amaya/ - Welcome to Amaya - W3C's Editor/Browser - Amaya is a Web editor, i.e. a tool used to create and update documents directly on the Web. Browsing features are seamlessly integrated with the editing and remote access features in a uniform environment. This follows the original vision of the Web as a space for collaboration and not just a one-way publishing medium.
Antibodies RDF Demo - http://thefigtrees.net/lee/sw/demos/antibodies/ - The demo's purpose is to demonstrate the power of SPARQL against distributed life-sciences data sources on the web. This demo's scenario revolves around a researcher searching the NCBI's Entrez Protein database, identifying a protein of interest from the returned results, and then searching for antibodies against that target protein. - Integrating Life Sciences Data on the Web using SPARQL - http://www2006.org/files/1149086165/antibodies-demo-www2006.ppt - Lee Feigenbaum - May, 2006.
Autonomous Semantic Grid Project - http://asg.niit.edu.pk/asg_home.html - Autonomous Semantic Grid Project is aimed to provide an infrastructure for emerging distributed applications by improvements and using already available technologies. This project is in progress in collaboration with three organizations i.e. NUST Institute of Information Technology (NIIT), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Communication Technologies (Comtec) Sendai, Japan and Department of Computing Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) USA.
IBROW - Intelligent Brokering Service for Knowledge-Component Reuse on the World-Wide Web - http://hcs.science.uva.nl/projects/ibrow/home.html - The objective of IBROW is to develop intelligent brokers that are able to distributively configure reusable components into knowledge systems through the World-Wide Web.
Annotation and Authoring - http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ - Semantic Web Annotation & Authoring.
Annotea Project - http://www.w3.org/2001/Annotea/ Annotea.
Application-driven Semantic Web Research - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/applications.htm - HP Labs.
Bristol University - Institute for Learning & Research Technology - http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/.
BrownSauce RDF Browser - http://brownsauce.sourceforge.net/ - BrownSauce is an attempt to write a generic RDF browser. It was written by Damian Steer whilst employed at HP Labs Bristol.
Building a Semantic Web accessible image publication repository - http://imageweb.zoo.ox.ac.uk/drupal/files/20071002-SWeb-applications.pdf - Graham Klyne, Graham Klyne - Image Bioinformatics Research Group - Zoology Department - Oxford University.
Chemical Ontologies (The CombeChem Folksonomy) - http://www.combechem.org/ - The ontologies used within the CombeChem metadata have been obtained entirely by building on established practice: we have deliberately not applied a top-down approach to ontology design. Our methodology has been very successful and has, for example, generated a new ontology for expressing units. This experience is feeding into our engagement with the Semantic Web community and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Clockwork - http://clockwork.open.ac.uk/ - Open - University - Knowledge Media Institute - Creating Learning Organisations with Contextualised Knowledge-Rich work Artifacts.
Conceptual Graphs - http://www.jfsowa.com/cg/ - Conceptual graphs (CGs) are a system of logic based on the existential graphs of Charles Sanders Peirce and the semantic networks of artificial intelligence. They express meaning in a form that is logically precise, humanly readable, and computationally tractable. With a direct mapping to language, conceptual graphs serve as an intermediate language for translating computer-oriented formalisms to and from natural languages. With their graphic representation, they serve as a readable, but formal design and specification language. CGs have been implemented in a variety of projects for information retrieval, database design, expert systems, and natural language processing.
Cycorp - http://www.cyc.com/ - Cycorp was founded in 1994 to research, develop, and commercialize Artificial Intelligence. Cycorp's vision is to create the world's first true artificial intelligence, having both common sense and the ability to reason with it. - OpenCyc 1.0 and ResearchCyc 1.0 are now available and they're bigger and better than ever!
DBpedia - http://dbpedia.org/About - is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web. DBpedia allows you to ask sophisticated queries against Wikipedia and to link other datasets on the Web to Wikipedia data.
DBpedia and Simile Timeline - http://thewallaceline.blogspot.com/2007/12/dbpedia-and-simile-timeline.html - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/DBpedia_with_SPARQL_and_Simile_Timeline_-_Album_Chronology - Sunday, December 30, 2007 - Simile Timeline provides a neat way to display events and we have been using it on the FOLD project and on the DSA module to represent the events in the life of music artists and groups, with data extracted by hand from a copy of the Rolling Stones Review. Having discovered DBpedia, it seems obvious to progress to using this data source instead. The XQuery code is presented in an article in the Wikibook.
Devon Portal - http://www.devonline.gov.uk/ - Adam Retter is responsible for the use of XML and eXist technologies for this.
DIP - http://dip.semanticweb.org/" - Data, Information, and Process Integration with Semantic Web Services - Project DIP - FP6 - DIP's objective has been to develop and extend Semantic Web and Web Service technologies in order to produce a new technology infrastructure for Semantic Web Services (SWS) - an environment in which different web services can discover and cooperate with each other automatically. DIP's long term vision is to deliver the enormous potential benefits of Semantic Web Services to e-Work and e-Commerce.
Discrete-Event Modeling Ontology (DeMO): - http://www.cs.uga.edu/~jam/jsim/DeMO/ - DeMO is an ontology for discrete-event modeling (DEM) (system dynamics for discrete-event systems (DES)). The models in the ontology focus on how state evolves over time.
DSpace - http://www.dspace.org/ - The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material.
eBank UK - http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/ebank-uk/ - eBank UK started as a JISC-funded project within the Semantic Grid Programme. The project is being led by UKOLN in partnership with the Intelligence, Agents & Multimedia Group, Department of Electronics & Computer Science, and the Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton and the Digital Curation Centre. Former partners include the Combechem project at the University of Southampton and the PSIgate Physical Sciences Information Gateway at the University of Manchester.
Edutella - http://edutella.jxta.org/ - The first application we will focus on is a P2P network for the exchange of educational resources between German universities (including Hannover, Braunschweig and Karlsruhe), Swedish universities (including Stockholm and Uppsala), Stanford University and others.
Exploiting the Semantic Web - http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/Downloads%20and%20Publications_files/SWIG_Bristol.pptMathieu d'Aquin, KMi, "KMi - Watson, PowerAqua, PowerMagpie".
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Paper - ACUITy semantic web application - An Ontology-Based Architecture for Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology - A Aragones, J Bruno, A Crapo, M Garbias.
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Presentation - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Hewlett-Packard Jena Conference Presentation - Andrew W Crapo.
General Electric Release ACUITy software - Open Source - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) is an open-source framework and architecture for developing semantically-enabled mixed initiative user interfaces - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - September 22 2006.
Gnowsis - http://www.gnowsis.org/ - welcome to gnowsis, the Semantic Desktop environment published by the Knowledge Management Lab of the DFKI. Gnowsis is a reference implementation of parts of the Nepomuk Semantic Desktop framework.
Haystack Project - http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/ - The Haystack Project is investigating approaches designed to let people manage their information in ways that make the most sense to them. By removing arbitrary application-created barriers, which handle only certain information "types" and relationships as defined by the developer, we aim to let users define their most effective arrangements and connections between views of information.
Health-e-child - http://www.health-e-child.org/ - An integrated platform for European paediatrics based on a Grid-enabled network of leading clinical centres.
IDEF - Integrated Definition Methods - IDEF Family of Methods - http://www.idef.com/ - A structured approach to enterprise modelling and analysis - IDEF.com was developed and is maintained by Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. (KBSI), the developers of the next generation IDEF methods: the IDEF3 Process Flow and Object State Description Capture Method, the IDEF4 Object-Oriented Design Method, and the IDEF5 Ontology Description Capture Method.
http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP/ - Information hyperlinked over Proteins - A gene network for navigating the literature - A network of genes and proteins extends through the scientific literature, touching on phenotypes, pathologies and gene function. We report the development of an information system that provides this network as a natural way of accessing the more than ten million abstracts in PubMed. By using genes and proteins as hyperlinks between sentences and abstracts, we convert the information in PubMed into one navigable resource and bring all the advantages of the internet to scientific literature investigation. - PubMed Medline and Tools - http://mybio.net/biowiki/PubMed_Medline_and_Tools.
Ingenta - http://www.ingenta.com/corporate/company/news/trade/jena.htm - Ingenta's technological innovation wins HP award.
Interop Events - http://interop-vlab.eu/Events - Presentation of events around Enterprise Interoperability.
INTEROP - Interoperability Research for Networked Enterprises Applications and Software - INTEROP is a Network of Excellence supported by the European Commission for a three-year-period - INTEROP aims to create the conditions of an innovative and competitive research in the domain of Interoperability for Enterprise Applications and Software.
INTEROP Portal - http://www.interop-noe.org/ - Interoperability Research for Networked Enterprises Applications and Software.
IsaViz: A Visual Authoring Tool for RDF - http://www.w3.org/2001/11/IsaViz/ - IsaViz is a visual environment for browsing and authoring RDF models represented as graphs.
Jess the Rule Engine for the JavaTM Platform - http://www.jessrules.com/ - Jess is a rule engine and scripting environment written entirely in Sun's Java language by Ernest Friedman-Hill at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, CA.
Kaon - http://kaon.semanticweb.org/ - KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It includes a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology creation and management and provides a framework for building ontology-based applications. An important focus of KAON is scalable and efficient reasoning with ontologies.
Knowledge Web - The KnowledgeWeb Project - http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/kweb/ - Knowledge Web is a Network of Excellence that aims to support the transition of Ontology technology from Academia to Industry. The current consortium is integrated by 18 participants including leading partners in Semantic Web, Multimedia, Human Language Technology, Workflow and Agents. The NoE will concentrate its efforts around the outreach of this technology to industry. Naturally, this includes education and research efforts to ensure the durability of impact and support of industry.
Knowledge Web FP6-507482 - http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/semanticportal/sewView/frames.jsp - Knowledge Web (KW) is a 4 year Network of Excellence project funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme. Knowledge Web began on January 1st, 2004. Supporting the transition process of Ontology technology from Academia to Industry is the main and major goal of Knowledge Web.
Linked Open Data Movement - Berners-Lee Talks Up Linked Open Data Movement June 18, 2008 By Erin Joyce - NEW YORK -- Data isn't worth much until it's free -- freed from the silo it's locked up in, and used in a mashup that creates valuable new resources for you and others. Freeing data is also behind a fast-growing movement around Linked Open Data -- or what many call Web 3.0 for short, said the founder of the World Wide Web. - During a keynote address at the Linked Data Planet conference here, Sir Tim Berners-Lee stumped for the next vision of the Web - dubbed Web 3.0 -- and the linked open data movement that is behind the forming Semantic Web. - June 18, 2008.
Magpie - http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/magpie/main.html - Magpie uses our ontology infrastructure to semantically markup web documents on-the-fly. The existing technologies in this problem domain tend to be rather heavyweight, and often modify the appearance of the actual webpage.
Metamomix - m3t4 - http://www.metatomix.com/news/060307.html - Metatomix Provides Free Semantic Toolkit for Eclipse Developers Worldwide - Wiki - Explanations and Examples - Wiki.
Mindswap - Maryland Information and Network Dynamics Lab Semantic Web Agents Project - http://www.mindswap.org/first.shtml - One of our goals on this site is NOT to have a single tool, single ontology, or single anything else approach. Instead, this site harnesses many Web technologies (HTML, XHTML, XML, PHP, CSS, etc.) and couples them with Semantic Web languages (RDF, RDFS, DAML+OIL, OWL) and tools built both here (see the download page) and elsewhere. Many of the pages contain links which will let you either let you see the Semantic Web markup directly (the machine-readable markup) or take you to pages describing how the pages are created and the tools used to power them. Please enjoy exploring this site and learning about many of the ways Semantic Web technology can be used to provide new capabilities on the Web.
MOKA - http://www.kbe.coventry.ac.uk/moka/moka.htm - A Framework for Structuring and Representing Engineering Knowledge - Overview.
MONET Home Page - http://monet.nag.co.uk/cocoon/monet/index.html - The MONET project is a two-year investigation into mathematical web services funded by the European Commission, as part of the Information Society Technologies (IST) Programme of the Fifth Framework. The project started on 1st April 2002.
Murray-Rust Research Group - http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/wikis/wwmm/index.php/Main_Page - Our research involves exploring the next generation of informatics and its impact on knowledge-driven scientific research in chemistry and related subjects.
NASA Taxonomy - http://nasataxonomy.jpl.nasa.gov/ - The NASA taxonomy provides first steps towards the unification of the NASA information space by documenting a high level set of terms that can be used for mapping together varying data structures. Reconciliation of terms and topics is essential to understanding NASA discoveries in a larger context. - Current Version - http://nasataxonomy.jpl.nasa.gov/2.0/.
NASA XML Project - http://xml.nasa.gov/ - Government, industry, and academia are all embracing XML as a technology that will assist in the sharing and reuse of information. Virtually all major software vendors have made XML an important part of their product offerings. The capability to easily exchange data across diverse computer hardware, operating systems, and applications in a simple yet standards-compliant manner is extremely valuable to an organization like NASA.
NeOn - http://www.neon-project.org/web-content/ - NeOn is a 14.7 million Euros project involving 14 European partners and co-funded by the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme under grant number IST-2005-027595. NeOn started in March 2006 and has a duration of 4 years. Our aim is to advance the state of the art in using ontologies for large-scale semantic applications in the distributed organizations.
Ontobroker - http://ontobroker.semanticweb.org/ - Ontobroker is a deductive, object oriented database system that has originally been developed as a research prototype at the AIFB Karlsruhe as part of the Semantic Web initiative. As Ontobroker had matured, it went commercial and is now available through Ontoprise.
Ontolingua - http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/software/ontolingua/ - Ontolingua is a web-based ontology development system, which uses hyperlinks to relate concepts. It provides a distributed collaborative environment to browse, create, edit, modify, and use ontologies, with a standard web browser.
Ontology.org - http://www.ontology.org/ - Helping you find what you need.
Ontomat Homepage - http://annotation.semanticweb.org/ontomat/index.html - Semantic Web Annotation & Authoring.
On-To-Knowledge - Content-driven Knowledge-Management through Evolving Ontologies - On-To-Knowledge is a project in the Information Society Technologies (IST) Program for Research, Technology Development & Demonstration under the 5th Framework Program. The project runs from 1999 to 2002.
Ontoportal.org.uk - http://www.ontoportal.org.uk/ - The OntoPortal Project.
Ontoprise - http://www.ontoprise.de/content/index_eng.html - ontoprise offers innovative software solutions based on ontologies (knowledge models) which homogenise your company's specific expertise.
OntoRama: Browsing RDF Ontologies using a Hyperbolic-style Browser - Eklund, P., Roberts, N., Green, S., 2002. The First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds, CW02, Theory and Practices, IEEE Press. (2002) pp 405-411 - Ontorama.
OntoWiki - http://3ba.se - Explanation - OntoWiki - A Tool for Social, Semantic Collaboration - Auer, S., Riechert, T., Dietzold, S., 2006. - 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Athens, GA, USA, November 5-9, 2006.
OntoWorld Semantic MediaWiki - OntoWorld - Semantic Wiki - an extension to the MediaWiki-Software (which powers Wikipedia).
OpenCyc - http://www.opencyc.org/ - OpenCyc.org - OpenCyc is the open source version of the Cyc technology, the world's largest and most complete general knowledge base and commonsense reasoning engine.
OpenMath - http://www.openmath.org/ - OpenMath is a new, extensible standard for representing the semantics of mathematical objects. If you haven't heard about it before you might want to consult the overview.
OpenRDF.org - http://www.openrdf.org/ - Home of Sesame.
Open University - Open University Knowledge Media Institute - John Domingue - Research Interests.
OWL-S Editor - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/download.shtml - Download.
OWL-S Editor to Semantically Annotate Web-Services - http://staff.um.edu.mt/cabe2/supervising/undergraduate/owlseditFYP/OwlSEdit.html - University of Malta - Department of Computer Science and A.I. - James Scicluna - The current version of the Owl-S Editor can be downloaded from here. We welcome any feedback related to how the tool was used and how effective it was to solve your particular needs. Let us know so that we can improve the tool.
Platypus Wiki - http://platypuswiki.sourceforge.net/ - A Semantic Wiki Wiki Web - Platypus Wiki is a project to develop an enhanced Wiki Wiki Web with ideas borrowed from the Semantic Web.
Racer - http://www.racer-systems.com/ - RacerPro is an OWL reasoner and inference server for the Semantic Web!
REASE - Repository of Ease for Learning Units - http://rease.semanticweb.org/ - Welcome to REASE, a repository comprising a unique collection of learning resources around Semantic Web topics, such as presentations, videos or pointers to educational activities. - REASE supports sharing knowledge for Higher Education as well as for industrial education in the area of Semantic Web and is open to any member of the academic, research, or professional community.
Relo - http://relo.csail.mit.edu/ - Supporting exploration of large information spaces.
Scientists compile 'book of life' - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6638017.stm - BBC Science News - Long-snouted aardvarks will rub shoulders with skunk-like zorillas in an ambitious plan to provide a virtual snapshot of life on Earth. - 9 May 2007
Semanlink - http://www.semanlink.net - François-Paul Servant - Renault.
Semantic Blogging Demonstrator - http://www.semanticblogging.org/semblog/blog/default/ - The demonstration platform for HP Labs' semantic blogging research programme.
SemanticDesktop.org - http://www.semanticdesktop.org/xwiki/bin/view/Wiki/ - Welcome To The SemanticDesktop.org Wiki!
Semantic Filtering - Introduction - Presentation - Mike Uschold, Deborah Folger, Scott Smith, Stephen Uczekaj, Casey Fung - Boeing - April 21 2005.
Semantic Filtering - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2003/UCDF+03a.pdf - Paper - A Semantic Infosphere - M. Uschold, P. Clark, F. Dickey, C. Fung, S. Smith1, S. Uczekaj, M. Wilke, S. Bechhofer, and I. Horrocks - Boeing, University of Manchester.
Semantic Grid Community Portal - http://www.semanticgrid.org/ - The Semantic Grid - Automation through Annotation.
Semantic MediaWiki - http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki - From Meta.
Semantic Web Graph Browsing Tool - http://gradf.marcuscobden.co.uk/ - project creating RDF graphs in SVG.
Semantic Web South West - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/semanticweb-southwest/ - A (geographically specific forum) for Semantic Web developers in the Bristol and Bath region of the UK. Informally, this can be thought of as a sub-group of W3C's Semantic Web Interest Group. Contributions sent to the list are publically archived; list membership is open to anyone working on RDF, XML and Semantic Web technology in the Bristol/Bath area. Please send an intro message when you join! Thanks :) List admins are currently Dan Brickley and Andy Seaborne.
Semantic Web tools - http://esw.w3.org/topic/SemanticWebTools#head-805c63479c854babe4657d5184de605910f6d3e2 - Semantic Web Development Tools - This page contains the information on RDF and OWL tools that used to be listed on the home pages of the RDF and OWL Working Groups at W3C. Keeping such lists up-to-date is obviously a problem when the number of Semantic Web tools increases every day.
Semblogging - a guide to the HP Labs semantic blogging demonstrator - http://www.semanticblogging.org/semblog/whatisit.html - Here are some simple notes for looking at the HP Labs semantic blog. The blog is intended to show the use of semantic web technologies augmenting the blogging paradigm.
SemperWiki - http://www.semperwiki.org/ - a semantic personal Wiki. - SemperWiki is an open-source semantic personal Wiki for Gnome. It offers the usability of personal Wikis and the improved retrieval and querying of semantic Wikis.
SemWiki.org - The Semantic Wiki Community - http://www.semwiki.org/ - Semantic Wikis try to combine the strengths of Semantic Web (machine processable, data integration, complex queries) and Wiki (easy to use and contribute, strongly interconnected, collaborativeness) technologies.
Sesame - http://sourceforge.net/projects/sesame/ - Sesame is a Java framework for storing, querying and inferencing for RDF. It can be deployed as a web server or used as a Java library.
Simile - http://simile.mit.edu/ - SIMILE is focused on developing robust, open source tools based on Semantic Web technologies that improve access, management and reuse among digital assets.
Simile - Longwell - http://simile.mit.edu/wiki/Longwell - Longwell is a web-based RDF-powered highly-configurable faceted browser.
Simile - Welkin - http://simile.mit.edu/welkin/ - Welkin is a graph-based RDF visualizer.
Simon Price - Institute for Learning & Research Technology - Bristol University.
Simple semantic search - http://ontoworld.org/wiki/Special:SearchTriple.
Some Ongoing KBS/Ontology Projects and Groups - http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/related.html - Knowledge-Base Projects, Groups, and Related Material.
SPARQL Query Language for RDF - http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/ - W3C.
Standard Upper Ontology Working Group (SUO WG) - http://suo.ieee.org/ - The SUO WG is developing a Standard that will specify an upper ontology to support computer applications such as data interoperability, information search and retrieval, automated inferencing, and natural language processing.
Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) - http://www.ontologyportal.org/ - The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) and its domain ontologies form the largest formal public ontology in existence today. They are being used for research and applications in search, linguistics and reasoning.
SUMO Ontology - http://ontology.teknowledge.com/ - This site contains information about the SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology). This ontology is being created as part of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
SWAD-Europe - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/collaborations.htm.
SWED - Semantic Web Environmental Directory - http://www.swed.org.uk/swed/index.html - Collaborative Project Bristol University - Hewlett-Packard.
Swoogle - Semantic Web Search - http://swoogle.umbc.edu/ - Searching over 10,000 ontologies.
Swoogle - http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/53/ - Swoogle - Project Home.
Technische Universiät München - SweS Semantic Web Search - Walid Maalej and Patrick Renner.
The ePerson Snippet Manager: a Semantic Web Application - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-328.html - Banks, Dave; Cayzer, Steve; Dickinson, Ian; Reynolds, Dave - In this report we describe the lessons and experiences from developing a substantial semantic web application in the domain of community knowledge management.
The Semantic Discovery System - http://www.insilicodiscovery.com/v2/index.php - We aim to Accelerate Research in Information Discovery focused Organisations. - The Semantic Web will put enormous new power in the hands of everyone trying to get valuable answers from the web - instead of frustrating Google searches, people will get fast, accurate and highly valuable answers - because they will finally be able to ask the exact questions they really want. Our product - SDS - focuses this new Semantic Web power not just on the 'Web' but also on the valuable information locked inside organisational databases - for the first time, ordinary people will be able to get answers that would otherwise have taken impossible amounts of programming. - http://www.meaning2go.com/ - Ian Goldsmid - http://www.linkedin.com/in/iangoldsmid.
The Yahoo! Search Open Ecosystem - http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000527.html - March 13, 2008 - The Yahoo! Search Open Ecosystem - A few weeks ago, we began talking about the new Yahoo! Search open platform. Today, we're releasing more details about two important components of the initiative -- the developer platform as well as our support of a number of semantic web standards. - The Data Web in Action - While there has been remarkable progress made toward understanding the semantics of web content, the benefits of a data web have not reached the mainstream consumer. Without a killer semantic web app for consumers, site owners have been reluctant to support standards like RDF, or even microformats. We believe that app can be web search. - By supporting semantic web standards, Yahoo! Search and site owners can bring a far richer and more useful search experience to consumers. For example, by marking up its profile pages with microformats, LinkedIn can allow Yahoo! Search and others to understand the semantic content and the relationships of the many components of its site. With a richer understanding of LinkedIn's structured data included in our index, we will be able to present users with more compelling and useful search results for their site. The benefit to LinkedIn is, of course, increased traffic quality and quantity from sites like Yahoo! Search that utilize its structured data.
TopBraid Composer - The Complete Semantic Modeling Toolset - a visual modeling environment for creating and managing ontologies. TopBraid Composer is based on Protégé and other tools into a professional ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Composer is based on the Eclipse platform and uses Jena as its underlying API.
UKOLN - http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ - A centre of expertise in digital information management, providing advice and services to the library, information, education and cultural heritage communities. UKOLN is based at the University of Bath.
University of Aberdeen - Semantic Web Blackboard project - Craig McKenzie.
University of Zurich, Department of Informatics - Talking to the Semantic Web - Talking to the Semantic Web: Query Interfaces to Ontologies for the Rest of Us.
Visual Knowledge - http://www.visualknowledge.com - Semantic WIKI - Visual Knowledge build conventional applications that are driven by ontologies rather than by code. A great deal of our underlying systems and frameworks are also model driven.
VoCampOxford2008 - http://vocamp.org/wiki/VoCampOxford2008 - Weds 24th and Thurs 25th September 2008. - Wolfson College, Oxford, UK - WhatIsVoCamp - What's the Problem? - Continued growth of the Web of Data/Semantic Web is heavily dependent on the availability of vocabularies/ontologies that can be used to publish data. While a number of key vocabularies are in widespread use, there are also many areas with little or no vocabulary coverage, hindering the ability to publish data in these domains. - What is VoCamp? - VoCamp is a series (hopefully) of informal events where people can spend some dedicated time creating lightweight vocabularies/ontologies for the Semantic Web/Web of Data. The emphasis of the event(s) is not on creating the perfect ontology in a particular domain, but on creating vocabs that are good enough for people to start using for publishing data on the Web. The intention is to follow a "paper first, laptops second" format, where the modelling is done initially on paper and only later committed to code. The VoCamp idea is heavily influenced by BarCamp, although the VoCamp should only have presentations where strictly necessary. - What Next? - The first VoCamp event will take place in Oxford, UK in September 2008 (VoCampOxford2008). But you can run your own VoCamp too...
Web Modeling Language (WebML): a modeling language for designing Web sites - http://www9.org/w9cdrom/177/177.html - Stefano Ceri, Piero Fraternali, Aldo Bongio - Designing and maintaining Web applications is one of the major challenges for the software industry of the year 2000. In this paper we present Web Modeling Language (WebML), a notation for specifying complex Web sites at the conceptual level.
WordNet - http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ - WordNet is a large lexical database of English, developed under the direction of George A. Miller.
WSRI (Web Science Research Initiative) - http://www.webscience.org/ - The Web is the largest human information construct in history. The Web is transforming society.
XQuery/RDF and the Emp-Dept case study - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/RDF_and_the_Emp-Dept_case_study - The Employee -Department case study used in the comparison of SQL and XQuery is used here to explore the XQuery/SPARQL pairing. This is a work-in-progress as the writer learns about RDF, the semantic web and linked data. - Chris Wallace.
Yahoo Pipes - http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/ - Pipes is a powerful composition tool to aggregate, manipulate, and mashup content from around the web. - Like Unix pipes, simple commands can be combined together to create output that meets your needs.
Codewok.com - Articles and blog.
Daniel Lewis - http://vanirsystems.com/danielsblog/ - Daniel's Blog.
Danny Ayers - Danny Ayers - Planet RDF.
Kurt Cagle - Understanding XML
O'Reilly - XML.com - XML Articles
Planet RDF - http://planetrdf.com/ - It's triples all the way down.
Tim Berners-Lee - Tim Berners-Lee
2007 Lovelace Lecture - The Web: Looking Back, Looking Forward - This lecture was held on Tuesday 13th March 2007 in London. - The speaker was Sir Tim Berners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium. - Watch the lecture.
AIML <-> OWL ?? - http://www.mendicott.com/2007/12/aiml-owl.html - Marcus L Endicott Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web & Web 3.0 in Travel & Tourism - Since I posted my original query to the pandorabots-general list in July, I'm beginning to understand the concepts involved a little better, thanks also to replies from this group and others, such as the protege-owl list. - In a comment to my recent blog entry ("I'm dreaming of RSS in => AIML out"), Jean-Claude Morand has mentioned that RSS 1.0 would probably be more conducive to conversion into RDF or AIML than RSS 2.0. He also mentioned that the Dublin Core metadata standard may eventually overtake RSS in primacy. - 30 December 2007.
An Idiot's Guide to the Resource Description Framework - http://renato.iannella.it/paper/rdf-idiot/ - Renato Iannella - 25, January 1999.
BBC business news - Another search party - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5052054.stm - Cambridge Based Search company director Mike Lynch - Peter Day Presenter, BBC Radio 4 and BBC World Service - 6 June 2006.
BBC dot.life blog - Talking To Sir Tim - http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/technology/2008/03/talking_to_sir_tim.html - Rory Cellan-Jones 17 Mar 08 - He's the greatest technological pioneer Britain has produced over the last 30 years - and Sir Tim Berners-Lee has been rewarded with all kinds of honours, from his knighthood, to the Millennium Technology Prize, to Time Magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. What he is not is the most fluent of interviewees - so I was rather worried about our encounter the other day. I need not have been.
BBC dot.life blog - What is Web Science - http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/technology/2008/03/what_is_web_science.html - Rory Cellan-Jones 11 Mar 08 - A blog about technology from BBC News - In the august surroundings of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences, in a lecture theatre decorated with 18th Century paintings, a crowd gathered on Tuesday morning to celebrate the birth of a new science. - It's called Web Science, and is an attempt to start understanding and exploring the ever growing phenomenon of the world wide web. Who better, then, to be the main speaker at today’s event than Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the web?.
BBC Radio 4 - Euro Everything - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/inbusiness/inbusiness_20060518.shtml - Radio 4 Broadcast - In Business - Peter Day - 18 May 2006.
BBC Radio 4 - Jonathan Edwards looks into - Programme 3 - Artificial Intelligence - http://www.bbc.co.uk//radio4/science/jonathanedwardsseries2.shtml - Radio 4 Broadcast - In the final programme in the series, Jonathan looks into Artificial Intelligence. A keen fan of science fiction, especially films like The Matrix, Jonathan wants to know how much science fact there is in AI. - Jonathan Edwards - 28 March 2007.
BBC Radio 4 - Material World - Encyclopedia Of Life - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thematerialworld_20070517.shtml - As the tercentenary of the Swedish botanist, and father of taxonomy, Carolus Linnaeus approaches, a global consortium has promised to catalogue all 1.2 million known living species on an online Encyclopaedia of Life - 17 May 2007.
BBC Radio 4 - Material World - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thematerialworld_20071129.shtml - 2nd item - Intelligent agents - A new breed of intelligent agents could soon be saving our cities and negotiating crucial deals on the Stock Exchange.
BBC Radio 4 - New Wave Computing - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/inbusiness/inbusiness_20070111.shtml - Peter Day talks to some of the rising stars of the new revolution and finds out how the computer industry is changing yet again 11th January 2007.
BBC Radio 4 - Power and the Web - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/poweroftheweb.shtml - Matthew d'Ancona asks whether the World Wide Web has the potential to reshape society, just as the printing press did more than five centuries ago.
BBC Radio 4 - Searching Questions - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/analysis/5222356.stm - Analysis - The dream is powerful: the world's information at everyone's fingertips. - 27 July 2006.
BBC Radio 4 - Tangled Web - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/inbusiness/inbusiness_20060615.shtml - Radio 4 Broadcast - In Business - Peter Day - Six years after the dot-com bubble burst companies are falling over themselves to get involved with the next big thing on the internet. They call it Web 2.0. - 15 June 2006.
BBC Technology news - Call for web to stay open for all - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7493859.stm - Governments, scientists and businesses must do more to ensure the web stays open for all, says Sir Tim Berners-Lee. - The web pioneer made the call while announcing a partnership between the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI) and the National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts (NESTA). - The WSRI is studying how the web is growing and is seeking ways to make the most of its potential. - 7 July 2008 - What is the future of the internet? - http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7496000/7496976.stm - The pioneer of the world wide web is now looking ahead to a new and more sophisticated way of using the internet known as the semantic web. Sir Tim Berners-Lee explains. - 9th July 2008.
BBC Technology News - France to develop Google 'rival' - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4358871.stm - 17 March, 2005.
BBC Technology News - Global web celebrations under way - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5368190.stm - 22 September 2006.
BBC Technology News - Helping the web become world wide - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6230426.stm - 22 June 2007.
BBC Technology News - How the web went world wide - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5242252.stm - Mark Ward - 3 August 2006.
BBC Technology news - Luminaries look to the future web - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7373717.stm - Exactly 15 years ago the directors at the lab where the web was first developed signed a document which said the technology could be used by anyone free of charge. - That decision was instrumental in making the web truly world wide. BBC News talks to some of the leading figures in the web community about their hopes for the future of the web. - 30 April 2008.
BBC Technology News - Privacy worries over web's future - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5009774.stm - Jonathan Fildes - 24 May 2006.
BBC Technology News - Questions and answers: Tim Berners-Lee - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7300434.stm - By Rory Cellan-Jones Technology correspondent, BBC News - The creator of the web, Tim Berners-Lee, answers questions about the future of the web, social networking and personal privacy online. - 17 March 2008.
BBC Technology News - Smart sites to power semantic web - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5013146.stm - Jonathan Fildes. - 24 May 2006
BBC Technology News - Tagging 'takes off for web users' - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6318531.stm - Tagging or labelling online content is becoming the new search tool of choice among web users, shows research. - 1 February 2007
BBC Technology News - The evolution of the web - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/6708491.stm - David Reid - Reporter, BBC Click - The term Web 2.0 was dreamed up to describe community-driven phenomena such as blogs and wikis and the enormously priced businesses they inspired. 1 June 2007.
BBC Technology news - The World Wide Web turns 15 (again) - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7375703.stm - By Dr James Gillies Director of communications, Cern - The World Wide Web has many birthdays. - March 1989, when Tim Berners-Lee handed his boss a short document entitled Information Management: a Proposal, is one. - Christmas of the following year, when the Web was up and running on two computers, is another. - But perhaps the most important Web anniversary of all is 30 April 1993. - That's the day that Cern put the web in the public domain, thereby ensuring that the world would have a single system for accessing the Internet, instead of a Microsoft Web, a Macintosh Web and who knows, perhaps even an Amstrad Web. - 30 April 2008.
BBC Technology News - Web creator rejects net tracking - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7299875.stm - By Rory Cellan-Jones Technology correspondent, BBC News - The creator of the web has said consumers need to be protected against systems which can track their activity on the internet. - Sir Tim Berners-Lee told BBC News he would change his internet provider if it introduced such a system. - 17 March 2008 - Questions and answers: Tim Berners-Lee - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7300434.stm - The creator of the web, Tim Berners-Lee, answers questions about the future of the web, social networking and personal privacy online.
BBC Technology news - Web in infancy, says Berners-Lee - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7371660.stm - By Darren Waters Technology editor, BBC News website - The world wide web is "still in its infancy", the web's inventor Sir Tim Berners-Lee has told BBC News. - He was speaking ahead of the 15th anniversary of the day the web's code was put into the public domain by Cern, the lab where the web was developed. - The future web will put "all the data in the world" at the fingertips of every user, Sir Tim said. - 30 April 2008.
BBC Technology News - Web inventor fears for the future - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5019394.stm - Pallab Ghosh interviews Sir Tim Berners-Lee - 2 November 2006.
BBC Technology News - Web inventor warns of 'dark' net - BBC article - Jonathan Fildes - Tim Berners-Lee - Edinburg Web Conference - 23 May 2006.
BBC Technology News - Wide open future for the web - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5019394.stm - Jonathan Fildes - 26 May 2006.
BBC Technology News - Yahoo makes semantic search shift - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7296056.stm - Yahoo has announced its adoption of some of the key standards of the "semantic web". - The technology is widely seen as the next step for the world wide web and it involves a much richer understanding of the masses of data placed online. - The company said it would start to include some semantic web identifiers when indexing the web for Yahoo search. - The move could mean a big boost for semantic web technologies which have struggled to win a big audience. - 14 March 2008.
Berners-Lee Talks Up Linked Open Data Movement June 18, 2008 By Erin Joyce - NEW YORK -- Data isn't worth much until it's free -- freed from the silo it's locked up in, and used in a mashup that creates valuable new resources for you and others. Freeing data is also behind a fast-growing movement around Linked Open Data -- or what many call Web 3.0 for short, said the founder of the World Wide Web. - During a keynote address at the Linked Data Planet conference here, Sir Tim Berners-Lee stumped for the next vision of the Web - dubbed Web 3.0 -- and the linked open data movement that is behind the forming Semantic Web. - June 18, 2008.
Boeing - Michael Uschold - Ontologies: An Emerging Discipline - http://courses.washington.edu/imt530/schedule/8b.pdf - Boeing - Phantom Works - Invited lecture at University of Washington, Feb 21, 2006.
Boeing - Michael Uschold - Univerity of Maryland - Michael Gruninger - Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing - Phantom Works - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Boeing - Michael Uschold - Ontologies Ontologies Everywhere - but Who Knows What to Think? - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/1.2_Uschold.pdf - Boeing - Phantom Works - 9th Intl. Protégé Conference - July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California - July 24 Morning Session.
British Computer Society - Berners-Lee 'wary' of all web tracking - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=conWebDoc.18272 - 17/03/2008 - Senior researcher at MIT and so-called inventor of the World Wide Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee has condemned all variations of ecommerce-based web tracking that serves to target certain audiences based on their browsing habits. - His comments follow the debate over an internet ad platform developed by web technology company Phorm, whose clients include such companies as TalkTalk and Carphone Warehouse.
British Computer Society - I'm forever blowing bubbles - Future of Computing - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.12163 - Wallpaper to suit your mood, clothes connected to the internet and work being fun - it's a vision of the future.... British Computer Society - Robin Mannings - July 2007.
British Computer Society IT Now - One application to rule them all - Dr Beran Necat - September 2006.
British Computer Society - 'Web still in infancy' - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.19027 - The inventor of the web has said it is still in its infancy, as it reaches its 15 year anniversary. - Sir Tim Berners-Lee spoke to the BBC as the anniversary of the date scientists at Cern first put the web's code into the public domain approaches. - He said that in the future, every web user would have 'all the data in the world' at their fingertips. - 30/04/2008.
CERN - http://info.cern.ch/ - Welcome to info.cern.ch - The website of the world's first-ever web server - 1990 was a momentous year in world events. In February, Nelson Mandela was freed after 27 years in prison. In April, the space shuttle Discovery carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. And in October, Germany was reunified. - Then at the end of 1990, a revolution took place that changed the way we live today. - CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is where it all began in March 1989. A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, wrote a proposal for information management showing how information could be transferred easily over the Internet by using hypertext, the now familiar point-and-click system of navigating through information. The following year, Robert Cailliau, a systems engineer, joined in and soon became its number one advocate.
Contrasting object-relational and RDF modelling in a Tourist Information System - http://ausweb.scu.edu.au/aw04/papers/refereed/hinze/paper.html - Annika Hinze, Katja Loeffler, Agnčs Voisard - Advanced tourist information systems should deliver more than weakly-related static information about sights. Instead, semantically-rich information about sights (e.g., groups of sights with same characteristics) should be delivered to the mobile users. Furthermore, tourists should not be overwhelmed by a stream of superfluous data unrelated to their interest and location. Personalization of the information delivery to each traveller, together with his or her travel history, is therefore crucial.
Daniel Lewis - "State of the Semantic Web": My Opinions - http://vanirsystems.com/danielsblog/2008/07/09/state-of-the-semantic-web-my-opinions/ - Daniel's Blog - July 9th, 2008 - Danny Ayers asked a few questions on the Semantic Web mailing list, and so here are my answers to his questions (his questions are copied word-for-word). - Below are my own personal responses to the questions, and are based upon not only my experience with OpenLink Software but other experience in previous workplaces and academic institutes. They don’t necessarily represent the thoughts or beliefs of OpenLink Software, or any of my current or previous colleagues. They are also thoughts which have been quickly cobbled together, so I am sorry for any mistakes.
Dave De Roure - Building on the future of the web - BBC article - Southampton University.
DBpedia and Simile Timeline - http://thewallaceline.blogspot.com/2007/12/dbpedia-and-simile-timeline.html - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/DBpedia_with_SPARQL_and_Simile_Timeline_-_Album_Chronology - Sunday, December 30, 2007 - Simile Timeline provides a neat way to display events and we have been using it on the FOLD project and on the DSA module to represent the events in the life of music artists and groups, with data extracted by hand from a copy of the Rolling Stones Review. Having discovered DBpedia, it seems obvious to progress to using this data source instead. The XQuery code is presented in an article in the Wikibook.
Free The Data - http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/38009/ - Frey, Jeremy G. (2006) Free The Data. At, WWW 2006 Panel Discussion, Edinburgh, UK, 25 March 2006.
Giant Global Graph - timbl's blog - Tim Berners-Lee - http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4 - So The Graph word has been creeping in. BradFitz talks of the Social Graph as does Alex Iskold, who discusses social graphs and network theory in general, points out that users want to own their own social graphs. He alo points out that examples of graphs are the Internet and the Web. So what's with the Graph word?.
Hewlett-Packard Technical Report - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~mhbutler/papers/barriersToRealWorldAdoptRDF.pdf - Barriers to real world adoption of semantic web technologies Butler, Mark H.; Gilbert, John; Seaborne, Andy; Smathers, Kevin.
Hewlett-Packard Technical Report - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2004/HPL-2004-147.html - Data conversion, extraction and record linkage using XML and RDF tools in Project SIMILE.
Hewlett-Packard Technical Reports - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/.
How the Large Hadron Collider Might Change the Web - Scientific American - http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=how-lhc-may-change-internet - The LHC Computing Grid may teach the Internet how to quietly handle reams of information - By Mark Anderson - September 4, 2008 - When the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) begins smashing protons together this fall inside its 17-mile- (27-kilometer-) circumference underground particle racetrack near Geneva, Switzerland, it will usher in a new era not only of physics but also of computing. - Before the year is out, the LHC is projected to begin pumping out a tsunami of raw data equivalent to one DVD (five gigabytes) every five seconds. Its annual output of 15 petabytes (15 million gigabytes) will soon dwarf that of any other scientific experiment in history. - The challenge is making that data accessible to a scientist anywhere in the world at the execution of a few commands on her laptop. The solution is a global computer network called the LHC Computing Grid, and with any luck, it may be giving us a glimpse of the Internet of the future.
IBM developerWorks Interviews: Tim Berners-Lee - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/podcast/dwi/cm-int082206.txt - Tim Berners-Lee Originator of the Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium talks about where we've come, and about the challenges and opportunities ahead recorded 28 September 2006.
I'm dreaming of RSS in => AIML out - http://www.mendicott.com/2007/12/im-dreaming-of-rss-in-aiml-out.html - Marcus L Endicott Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web & Web 3.0 in Travel & Tourism - I am still trying to get my head around the relationship between chatbots and the Semantic Web, or Web 3.0.... Any thoughts or comments on the precise nature of this relationship are welcome. - Converting from VKB back into AIML was my first crash course in working with XML dialects.... Since then the old lightbulb has gone off, or rather "on" I should say, and it suddenly dawned on me that the whole hullabaloo about Web 2.0 largely centers on the exchange of metadata, most often in the form of RSS, another XML dialect. - I was really stoked to learn of the work of Eric Freese, apparently processing logic using the Jena framework then manually(?) converting that RDF into AIML; however, I continue to wait for word of his "Semetag/AIMEE" example at http://www.semetag.com . - My understanding is that it is quite do-able, as in off the shelf, to pull RSS into a database and accumulate it there.... Could such a database of RSS not be used as a potential knowledgebase for a chatbot? - 22 December 2007.
Info.cern.ch - http://info.cern.ch/ - Welcome to info.cern.ch - The website of the world's first-ever web server - 1990 was a momentous year in world events. In February, Nelson Mandela was freed after 27 years in prison. In April, the space shuttle Discovery carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. And in October, Germany was reunified. - Then at the end of 1990, a revolution took place that changed the way we live today. - CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is where it all began in March 1989. A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, wrote a proposal for information management showing how information could be transferred easily over the Internet by using hypertext, the now familiar point-and-click system of navigating through information. The following year, Robert Cailliau, a systems engineer, joined in and soon became its number one advocate. - The idea was to connect hypertext with the Internet and personal computers, thereby having a single information network to help CERN physicists share all the computer-stored information at the laboratory. Hypertext would enable users to browse easily between texts on web pages using links. The first examples were developed on NeXT computers. - Berners-Lee created a browser-editor with the goal of developing a tool to make the Web a creative space to share and edit information and build a common hypertext. What should they call this new browser: The Mine of Information? The Information Mesh? When they settled on a name in May 1990, it was the WorldWideWeb.
International Journal of Semantic Computing - http://www.worldscinet.com/ijsc/ - International Journal of Semantic Computing (IJSC) addresses the computing technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, natural language, software engineering, data and knowledge engineering, computer systems, signal processing, etc), and their interactions, that may be used to extract or process the Contents and Semantics of multimedia, texts, services as well as structured data.
IPGems - Next Generation Design: Interacting with the Semantic Web - http://www.ipgems.com/ - IPGems explores the integration of concepts from various professional disciplines in the fields of user-centered system design, information and knowledge management, semantic integration, and performance improvement.
IPGems - The Usability Imperative Inherent in the Semantic Web Duane Degler and Renee Lewis - http://www.ipgems.com/writing/usability_imperative_in_semweb_6-2004.pdf - A tremendous amount of hope - and hype - has been attached to Tim Berners-Lee's concept of the Semantic Web, where machine-readable 'meaning' enriches the promise of the web. Creating a positive, successful, trust-worthy experience for users is crucial to its success. What does that mean? What is imperative for it to become the 'next generation' web? Most importantly, why must the usability community play a leading role to shape the Semantic Web in a positive, user-centered way?
IPGems - User Interaction with the Semantic Web - http://www.ipgems.com/swui/ - Academics and practitioners from the semantic web community are seeking the involvement of usability professionals as they define the "next generation web." Recently, workshops at various conferences have focused on user needs and user interaction. .
IT Now - Time to jump on the SOA bandwagon? - Ian Cartwright and Erik Doernenburg - Consultants at ThoughtWorks.
Jezabel: an RDF-driven web interface - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-317.pdf - Tim Pierce - Information Infrastructure Laboratory - HP Laboratories Bristol - November 20th , 2002.
John Davies talks with Talis about the Semantic Web and ongoing research at BT - http://talk.talis.com/archives/2007/01/john_davies_tal.html - Podcast - In our latest Talking with Talis podcast, I speak with John Davies, Head of Next Generation Web Research at BT. We discuss some of John's views around the current and emerging value of the Semantic Web, and take a look at some of the Semantic Web research projects with which John's team is currently involved.
Kalinichenko L, Missikoff M, Schiappelli F, Skvortsov N, Ontological Modeling, 2003, Proceedings of the 5th Russian Conference on Digital Libraries RCDL2003, St. - Petersburg, Russia, 2003 - http://synthesis.ipi.ac.ru/synthesis/publications/ontomodeling/.
Linked Open Data Movement - Berners-Lee Talks Up Linked Open Data Movement June 18, 2008 By Erin Joyce - NEW YORK -- Data isn't worth much until it's free -- freed from the silo it's locked up in, and used in a mashup that creates valuable new resources for you and others. Freeing data is also behind a fast-growing movement around Linked Open Data -- or what many call Web 3.0 for short, said the founder of the World Wide Web. - During a keynote address at the Linked Data Planet conference here, Sir Tim Berners-Lee stumped for the next vision of the Web - dubbed Web 3.0 -- and the linked open data movement that is behind the forming Semantic Web. - June 18, 2008.
Mark H. Butler (Now at Hewlett-Packard) - http://www.linkedin.com/in/butlermh - Research and Advanced Development Engineer.
Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology - http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html - In recent years the development of ontologies-explicit formal specifications of the terms in the domain and relations among them (Gruber 1993)-has been moving from the realm of Artificial-Intelligence laboratories to the desktops of domain experts.
Open University - http://oro.open.ac.uk/50/ - The Open University Website - Semantic Learning Webs.
O'Reilly - XML.com - A Relational View of the Semantic Web - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2007/03/14/a-relational-view-of-the-semantic-web.html - Andrew Newman - March 14, 2007.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Introducing RDFa - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2007/02/14/introducing-rdfa.html - Bob DuCharme - February 14, 2007.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Introducing RDFa Part Two - http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/1698 - Bob DuCharme - April 4, 2007.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Introducing SPARQL: Querying the Semantic Web - SPARQL - November 16, 2005.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Introducing SKOS - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/06/22/skos.html - June 22, 2005 - Peter Mikhalenko.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Ontology Building: A Survey of Editing Tools - http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2002/11/06/ontologies.html - Denny, M. 2002.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Ontology Tools Survey, Revisited - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2004/07/14/onto.html - Denny, M. 2004.
O'Reilly - XML.com - RDF: Ready for Prime Time - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2003/07/30/practicalRDF.html - Shelley Powers - July 30, 2003.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Some Thoughts on Semantics - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2007/03/some_thoughts_on_semantics.html - Kurt Cagle - March 22, 2007.
O'Reilly - XML.com - SPARQL: Web 2.0 Meet the Semantic Web - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2005/09/sparql_web_20_meet_the_semanti.html - Kendall Clark - September 16, 2005.
O'Reilly - XML.com - The 7 (f)laws of the Semantic Web - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2006/06/the_7_flaws_of_the_semantic_we.html - Dan Zambonini - June 9, 2006.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Versa: Path-Based RDF Query Language - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/07/20/versa.html - July 20, 2005 - Chimezie Ogbuji.
O'Reilly - XML.com - What is RDF - What is RDF - Update - Joshua Tauberer.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Why the World is ready for the Semantic Web - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2006/06/why_the_world_is_ready_for_the.html - Dan Zambonini - June 28, 2006.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Why you should let Web 2.0 into your hearts - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2006/08/why_you_should_let_web_20_into.html - Dan Zambonini - August 25th 2006.
Peter Bloodsworth Talks with Talis about multi-agent systems, Ontologies, and the Health-e-Child project - http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/peter-bloodsworth-talks-with-talis-about-multi-agent-systems-ontologies-and-the-health-e-child-proje/4773248/ - Video from Talking with Talis.
Presenting tailored resource descriptions: Will XSLT do the job? - http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~alison/www9/paper.html - deom - Alison Cawsey - Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering - Heriot-Watt University - Edinburgh.
Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description Resources - http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-powder-dr-20080317/ - W3C Working Draft 17 March 2008 - Abstract - The purpose of the Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER) is to provide a means for individuals or organizations to describe a group of resources through the publication of machine-readable metadata, as motivated by the POWDER Use Cases. This document details the creation and lifecycle of Description Resources (DRs), which encapsulate such metadata. These are typically represented in a highly constrained XML dialect that is relatively human-readble. The meaning of such DRs are underpinned by formal semantics, accessible by performing a GRDDL Transform.
RDF Objects - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-315.html - Barnell, Alex - HP Labs Bristol - November 27 2002.
RDF Triples in XML - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2003/HPL-2003-268.html - Hewlett-Packard - HP Labs - Carroll, Jeremy J.; Stickler, Patrick - February 11th 2004.
RDFa Primer - http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-xhtml-rdfa-primer-20071026/ - W3C - Embedding Structured Data in Web Pages - W3C Working Draft 26 October 2007.
Redmond T, Tudorache T, Vendetti J, Building Applications with Protégé: An Overview, 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/AppDevelopmentTutorial_Part1.pdf.
Semantic Web "Layer Cake" - http://www.w3.org/2004/Talks/0412-RDF-functions/slide4-0.html - Tim Berners-Lee presents the stack of semantic technologies as a series of strata.
Semantic Web Metadata for e-Learning - Some Architectural Guidelines Nilsson, M., Palmér, M., Naeve, A., 2002. - WWW2002 Hawaii USA.
Semantic Web Services - http://www.daml.org/services/.
Semantic Wikipedia - http://www2006.org/programme/files/pdf/4039.pdf - Max Völkel, Markus Krötzsch, Denny Vrandecic, Heiko Haller, Rudi Studer Institute AIFB, University of Karlsruhe. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on World Wide Web (Edinburgh, Scotland, May 23 - 26, 2006). WWW '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 585-594.
Semantic Wikis and Disaster Relief Operations - http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/1683 - XML.com - Soenke Ziesche - December 13, 2006.
SWET 2006 - http://www.l3s.de/~diederich/Papers/swet2006-ease.pdf - Semantic Web Education and Training Workshop (SWET'06).
SWIG-UK Powerpoint Presentation - at Hewlett-Packard - Bristol UK - semantic web interest group - InteractiveModellingandVisualisationofInformation.ppt - November 23rd 2007 - other presentations are at http://swig.networkedplanet.com/special.html - including a UWE presentation http://swig.networkedplanet.com/cccs_hp.ppt - Health-e-Child.
SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML - http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2004-05-21-a.html - Cover Pages - W3C has acknowledged receipt of a Member Submission from the National Research Council of Canada, Network Inference, and Stanford University for SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML. - May 21, 2004.
Syntax for Semantic Enriching of Web Pages - http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/poster/p331/p331-carroll.html - Silvia Martelli, Jeremy J. Carroll, Oreste Signore.
Talis Platform and Semantic Web Podcasts - http://www.talis.com/platform/resources/podcasts.shtml - Podcasts.
Techniques for Authoring Complex XML Documents - http://wam.inrialpes.fr/publications/2004/DocEng2004VQIV.html - DocEng 2004 - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering Milwaukee October 28-30 - This paper reviews the main innovations of XML and considers their impact on the editing techniques for structured documents.
Technology Pioneers for 2008 named - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.16443 - Identity management, genetics, collaborative content, next-generation business intelligence, energy efficiency and medical breakthroughs are among the technologies that are set to have a profound impact on our lives going forward. One of the companies featured is Garlik, a company which immediate past President Nigel Shadbolt helped to start. - British Computer Society BCS - 11 December 2007.
The Future of the Web - http://www.nesta.org.uk/future-of-web-jonathan-kestenbaum-nesta/?playaudio=1 - Podcast - Jonathan Kestenbaum, CEO, NESTA, introduces the event and Sir Tim Berners-Lee.
The Next Web? - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2006/03/15/next-web-xhtml2-ajax.html - Simon St Laurent 17 March 2006.
The Semantic Web: An Introduction - http://infomesh.net/2001/swintro/ - infomesh.net.
The Yahoo! Search Open Ecosystem - http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000527.html - March 13, 2008 - The Yahoo! Search Open Ecosystem - A few weeks ago, we began talking about the new Yahoo! Search open platform. Today, we're releasing more details about two important components of the initiative -- the developer platform as well as our support of a number of semantic web standards. - The Data Web in Action - While there has been remarkable progress made toward understanding the semantics of web content, the benefits of a data web have not reached the mainstream consumer. Without a killer semantic web app for consumers, site owners have been reluctant to support standards like RDF, or even microformats. We believe that app can be web search. - By supporting semantic web standards, Yahoo! Search and site owners can bring a far richer and more useful search experience to consumers. For example, by marking up its profile pages with microformats, LinkedIn can allow Yahoo! Search and others to understand the semantic content and the relationships of the many components of its site. With a richer understanding of LinkedIn's structured data included in our index, we will be able to present users with more compelling and useful search results for their site. The benefit to LinkedIn is, of course, increased traffic quality and quantity from sites like Yahoo! Search that utilize its structured data.
Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing - Gruber T. R. 1993 - http://www2.umassd.edu/SWAgents/agentdocs/stanford/onto-design.pdf - In Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation, edited by Nicola Guarino and Roberto Poli, Kluwer Academic Publishers, in press. Substantial revision of paper presented at the International Workshop on Formal Ontology, March, 1993, Padova, Italy. Available as Technical Report KSL 93-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University.
Towards Semantic Web Document Engineering - http://www.w3.org/2002/02/DIWS/submission/jvanossenbruggen-position.html - Jacco van Ossenbruggen - Web publishing systems have to take into account a plethora of Web-enabled devices, user preferences and abilities. Technologies generating these presentations will need to be explicitly aware of the context in which the information is being presented. Semantic Web technology can be a fundamental part of the solution to this problem by explicitly modeling the knowledge needed to adapt presentations to a specific delivery context.
Towards Active Web Clients - http://wam.inrialpes.fr/publications/2005/DocEng05-Quint.html - DocEng 2005 - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering - 2-4 November 2005 - Bristol, United Kingdom. - Recent developments of document technologies have strongly impacted the evolution of Web clients over the last fifteen years, but all Web clients have not taken the same advantage of this advance. In particular, mainstream tools have put the emphasis on accessing existing documents to the detriment of a more cooperative usage of the Web. However, in the early days, Web users were able to go beyond browsing and to get more actively involved.
Universe Today - The LHC Will Revolutionize Physics. Can it Revolutionize the Internet Too? - We already know that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the biggest, most expensive physics experiment ever carried out by mankind. Colliding relativistic particles at energies previously unimaginable (up to the 14 TeV mark by the end of the decade) will generate millions of particles (known and as yet to be discovered), that need to be tracked and characterized by huge particle detectors. This historic experiment will require a massive data collection and storage effort, re-writing the rules of data handling. Every five seconds, LHC collisions will generate the equivalent of a DVD-worth of data, that's a data production rate of one gigabyte per second. To put this into perspective, an average household computer with a very good connection may be able to download data at a rate of one or two megabytes per second (if you are very lucky! I get 500 kilobytes/second). So, LHC engineers have designed a new kind of data handling method that can store and distribute petabytes (million-gigabytes) of data to LHC collaborators worldwide (without getting old and grey whilst waiting for a download). - September 4th, 2008.
Uschold M, 2006 Ontologies Ontologies Everywhere - but Who Knows What to Think? 2006 - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/1.2_Uschold.pdf - Boeing - 9th Intl. Protégé Conference July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California - July 24 Morning Session.
Uschold M, Gruninger M, 2004, Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity, - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing, Univerity of Maryland - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Uschold M, Gruninger M, Boeing, Univerity of Maryland, 2004 - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Using Semantic Web Technology to Enhance Current Business-to-Business Integration Approaches (2003) - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2003/HPL-2003-173.html - Trastour, David; Preist, Chris; Coleman, Derek.
UWE Student Project - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Web%20Semantic/Index.html - Investigating and implement the idea of 'ModConsWest' (Modelling and Constructionism with Web based E-Learning Semantic Tools)" - Lee Ediagbonya and Awaab Eltahir.
Volz, R., Oberle, D., Staab, S., Motik., B., 2003. KAON SERVER - A Semantic Web Management System. Alternate Track Proceedings of the Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2003, Budapest, Hungary, 20-24 May 2003. ACM. http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/dob/pubs/www2003.pdf.
W3C GRDDL Recommendation Bridges HTML/Microformats and the Semantic Web. - http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2007-09-13-a.html - The World Wide Web Consortium has announced the publication of Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages (GRDDL) as a W3C Recommendation, together with a separate GRDDL Test Cases Recommendation. The GRDDL specification represents "an important link between Semantic Web and microformats communities. With GRDDL (pronounced 'griddle'), software can automatically extract information from structured Web pages to make it part of the Semantic Web. Those accustomed to expressing structured data with microformats in XHTML can thus increase the value of their existing data by porting it to the Semantic Web, at very low cost." - News: Cover Stories - September 13, 2007.
Web of intrigue - British Computer Society - Sir Tim Berners-Lee - This year's Lovelace lecture was given by internet pioneer Sir Tim Berners-Lee. His subject was the web: looking forward, looking back. - March 2007.
XQuery/RDF and the Emp-Dept case study - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/RDF_and_the_Emp-Dept_case_study - The Employee -Department case study used in the comparison of SQL and XQuery is used here to explore the XQuery/SPARQL pairing. This is a work-in-progress as the writer learns about RDF, the semantic web and linked data. - Chris Wallace.
An important reason for creating the open standards ontology is that it can be accessed by many different users and/or applications. The open standard OWL (Web Ontology Language) is used in my thesis and is explained by (Bechhofer and Carrol), and there are several markup languages that can be used to represent structured information.
McGuinness (2003) explains the role of markup languages in defining content to be machine readable, McGuinness cites a diagram from a presentation by Berners-Lee (2000) that contains a diagrammatic representation of the place of each language in a stacked representation alongside the purpose of the language. This is shown below.
Layered Architecture, sourced from Berners-Lee (2000) - http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html.
A similar Berners-Lee diagram is shown here - http://www.w3.org/2004/Talks/0412-RDF-functions/slide4-0.html - Semantic Web "Layer Cake".
The concept illustrated, linked with that of ontologies contains representations of the place of each language in a stacked representation alongside the purpose of the language.
Horrocks (2002) argues the advantages of moving towards a more formal ontology. This is in contrast to Uschold’s argument of only moving to more formal ontologies as necessary, however, this is merely a difference of emphasis as Horrocks argues for their theoretical importance, while Uschold is examining practical difficulties of finding and managing information for formal ontologies. Horrocks examines ontology languages such as RDF, RDFS, and DAML+OIL, which provide languages for the layers 'RDF + rdf schema', and 'Ontology vocabulary' in the Berners-Lees' diagram above. Horrocks et al. (2003) and Miller and Baramidze (2005) explain other ontology languages OWL and SWRL.
This architecture enables an approach to interoperable and collaborative programming using Semantic Web languages for the middle layers including the ontology.
Corcho et al. (2003) page 55 show a similar stacked diagram of the middle layers of the above architecture focussing on ontology development.
McGuinness (2003) explains with the aid of a diagram the level of definition in ontologies, from purely human readable to machine readable (Figure 2 in the chapter 'Ontologies Come of Age'). This is also explained by Uschold (2003 and 2006), and Uschold and Gruninger (2004). McGuinness writes about how ease of use via conceptual modelling support and graphical browsing tools is essential if systems are to be usable in the mainstream. So this is an area to be investigated for this thesis. This argument is expanded on here - The Need for Ontologies to aid Modelling, here - Semantic Web and Translation, and here - Research Approach - McGuinness explains the need to examine and agree on information structures, using taxonomies and ontologies.
This layered architecture enables an approach to interoperable and collaborative programming using Semantic Web languages for the middle layers including the ontology. McGuinness considers the role of markup languages in defining content to be machine readable. McGuinness encourages creation of web-based visual representations of information to allow people to examine and agree on information structures. McGuinness outlines 7 ways simple ontologies may be used in practice. These are :
1 controlled vocabulary.
2 site organization and navigation support.
3 expectation setting.
4 "umbrella" structures from which to extend content.
5 browsing support.
6 search support.
7 sense disambiguation support.
For this thesis ontologies were created for all of these purposes except 1 and 4, where ontologies of others were investigated.
McGuinness also explains that ontologies can assist with resolving the meaning and consistency of terms. This increased understanding can aid interoperability. For a simple ontology this assists the human reader, and more structured ontologies can also assist automated systems to resolve terms.
Information on research based on application of this layered architecture is available at - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SemanticWebResearch.
Bechhofer S, Carrol J (2004) Parsing owl dl: trees or triples? - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/713845.html - Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, NY, USA pp 266 - 275.
Berners-Lee, T., 2000. Semantic Web on XML http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide1-0.html.
Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, Tools and Languages For Building Ontologies. Where is their Meeting Point?. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 46, pp 41-64.
Horrocks, I., 2002. DAML+OIL: a Reason-able Web Ontology Language. In: proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2002) March 24-28 2002, Prague. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2002/edbt02.pdf.
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P. F., van Harmelen, F., 2003. From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics, Vol 1(1), pp 7-26.
McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontologies-come-of-age-mit-press-(with-citation).htm In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
Miller, J A., Baramidze, G., - Simulation and the Semantic Web - 2005. - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference.
Uschold M, 2003 Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web? - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/events/Uschold-talk.htm - Michael Uschold, The Boeing Company - AI Center colloquium - published in AI Magazine 2003 - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SemWebCourse_files/WhereAreSemantics-AI-Mag-FinalSubmittedVersion2.pdf - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=958674 - Uschold, M., 2003 Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25 - 36.
Drag and Drop Programming - Example and Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#DragandDropProgramming.
Programming with XML - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm#ProgrammingwithXML.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm.
XML may not be sufficient on its own for defining ontologies. The XML syntax defines relationships by their position within the text file. Thus XML syntax always implies a sequence whereas in reality the order of items may be unimportant, also there is no explicit way of representing associations between items, or differentiating between an Inheritance and a Contains relationship. XML schemas and DTDs (Document Type Definitions) can be helpful in defining these relationships, but there is then scope for differences in the way they are defined. RDF has provided a layer of standardised semantics which overlays the basic XML. The RDF text can be embedded within XML.
I have chosen to use RDF represented using RDF/XML as this allows me to continue using XML tools for visualising or searching the RDF/XML while also allowing the use of tools available for representing RDF. Vehicle'. RDF consists of a resource, a property, and a property value. This 'Triple' corresponds to 'Subject', 'Predicate', and 'Object' in logic. Each RDF triple represents a fact. So RDF structures information into individual facts that link as a graph, each fact is a triple. This can be thought of as a sentence representing a fact such as 'Aircraft is a Vehicle'. An example of an RDF graph is shown in the figure below and the table illustrates rows of facts that make up the graph. More information is available here - Quick Intro to RDF.
RDF Graph Example, RDF Description of Aircraft
| Resource | Property | Value | |
| Subject | Predicate | Object | |
| Fact | Aircraft | Is a | Vehicle |
| Fact | Aircraft | Flown by | Pilot |
| Fact | Aircraft | Has | Engine |
| Fact | Plane | Is an | Aircraft |
| Fact | Plane | Has | Wings |
| Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) |
A Resource is anything that can have a URI (uniform resource identifier). A URI can look like a web address and can actually be a web address, but this is not always the case, it is a way of representing an entity. A URI consists of the name and location of the entity. An RDF Resource is described through a collection of properties and property values called an RDF Description. RDF provides a mechanism for describing collections, which are special kinds of resources, and a sequence is an ordered collection. A collection does not have to possess its own URI but it can.
RDF/XML has provided a layer of standardised semantics which overlays the basic XML. RDF does not have to be based on XML there is also a format called N3 http://rdfabout.com/quickintro.xpd. RDF extends the XML model and syntax to be specific for describing resources. For example Engine Ring Manufacture sequence can be represented as a sequence of groups of sequential operations as in this example. RDF is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Recommendation, this means it is a stable specification and therefore a standard. Because a resource can represent anything, knowledge from any domain can theoretically be represented in RDF, this together with it's standardised syntax that allows it to be machine understandable are the reasons why RDF is such a useful and important technology for the Semantic Web.
RDF/XML Web pages can be linked to each other indefinitely, which is why it is such an important technology for the Semantic Web. If a web page exists for a URI there could be further information possibly represented using RDF on this web page. This allows resources to be linked to each other, which is why it is such an important technology for the semantic web. Because it is XML based, an RDF/XML Web page can be linked to an XSL stylesheet to produce a visual representation of the structure as in this example. This is also explained in this paper http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/ISPECE2003.htm, and by (Cayzer, 2004) who uses RDF to provide structure for Semantic blogging. Oren et al (2006) also use this approach of combining RDF and Semantic Web use with ease of editing in a Semantic Wiki.
SPARQL Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language is a query language and protocol for RDF being recommended to the W3C.
RDF/XML can be used to encode an ontology. (Fensel et al. 1998) and (Fensel et al. 2001) describe Ontobroker and the use of XML and RDF within this ontology tool. The use of ontologies is being driven by e-commerce and e-procurement where trading is online (UN/CEFACT and ebXML 2007).
ebXML 2002, ebXML Enabling a Global Electronic Market. http://www.ebxml.org, OASIS & UN/CEFAC, accessed on 9th January 2007.
Cayzer, S. 2004. Semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press.
Fensel, D. & Angele, J. & Decker, S. & Erdmann, M. & Shnurr, H. & Studer, R. & Witt, A. 1998. On2broker: Lessons Learned from Applying AI to the Web. http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/Publ/2000/llfaattw_dfeetal_2000.pdf, accessed on 9th January 2007.
Fensel, D. Van Harmelen, F. Horrocks, I. McGuinness, D. Patel-Schneider, P. F., 2001. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2), pp 38-45. - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2001/IEEE-IS01.pdf.
Oren, E., Breslin, J. G., Decker, S., 2006. How Semantics Make Better Wikis - WWW 2006, May 23-26, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Semantic Web IIIA: RDF and RDFS - Semantic Web Overview: Profusion of Metadata - http://www.servogrid.org/slide/GEM/SW/Semantic%20Web%20IIIA.doc - This is the third report in a three part series on the Semantic Web. It is intended to provide an in-depth review and tutorial material for Semantic Web markup languages and selected tools. Readers interested in introductory material should refer to the first report in the series. Readers interested in a broad survey of available tools should refer to the second report. All of these documents assume a general familiarity with basic XML concepts.
RDF(S) (RDF Schema is a vocabulary description language for RDF, RDF Schema, is a semantic extension of RDF. It provides mechanisms for describing groups of related resources and the relationships between these resources. RDF Schema vocabulary descriptions are written in RDF. The RDF vocabulary description language class and property system is similar to the type systems of object-oriented programming. This is the role of the domain and range mechanisms. These class, property and relationship mechanisms are built on in DAML+OIL and OWL ontology languages explained below. RDF(S) is explained in RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema.
DAML+OIL is a Web Ontology Language, resulting from a merger between DAML-ONT developed as part of the US DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) programme and OIL (Ontology Inference Layer) developed by a group of mostly European researchers. DAML+OIL provides an extension to RDF and RDF(S) and takes an object oriented approach enabling the standardised representation of classes, properties and inheritance relationships. It also allows restriction, unions and intersections. This makes the language more expressive and more accessible to automated processes than XML or RDF on which it is built.
DAML+OIL: a Description Logic for the Semantic Web - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2002/ieeede2002.pdf - Ian Horrocks - Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester.
DAML+OIL: a Reason-able Web Ontology Language. Horrocks, I., 2002. proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2002) March 24-28 2002, Prague. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2002/edbt02.pdf.
OWL is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the World Wide Web. W3C's Web-Ontology Working Group (WebOnt) developed OWL. OWL is derived from the DAML+OIL Web Ontology Language.
OWL Web Ontology Language is a language for representing Ontologies and emerged from the DAML projects and OIL projects, and was influenced by the SHOE (Simple HTML Ontology Extensions) language. The W3C OWL Web Ontology Language Overview document outlines OWL and explains 'The OWL Web Ontology Language is designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. OWL facilitates greater machine interpretability of Web content than that supported by XML, RDF, and RDF Schema (RDF(S)) by providing additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. OWL has three increasingly-expressive sublanguages: OWL Lite, OWL DL, and OWL Full; Bechhofer and Carroll (2004) explain the these sublanguages.
The intention of OWL Lite is to capture many of the commonly used features of OWL and DAML+OIL and therefore make it relatively easy for developers to create tools for its use. The differences between the sublanguages are explained in the OWL Web Ontology Language Guide and the Ontology Language Overview.
Zhao and Liu (2008) examine mapping of STEP (more information) representations to ontology languages OWL and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language), and how this benefits interoperability. Application of techniques to improve interoperability for this research is discussed here. Zhao and Liu also show a diagram (similar to this one of Berners-Lee) of the position of OWL and SWRL in a stack of standards from XML in the Syntax layer up to OWL/SWRL in the Logic/Rule layer of 'Semantics'.
Bechhofer, S., Carrol, J., 2004. Parsing owl dl: trees or triples?. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, NY, USA, pp 266-275.
OWL Working Group Charter - http://www.w3.org/2007/06/OWLCharter - Status of this Document: This is a proposed charter under review by the W3C Advisory Committee, per the review process for a new Working Group charter.
Zhao, W. and Liu, J.K. 2008. OWL/SWRL representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model Part I. Implementation methodology, Computers in Industry - Article in Press, Corrected Proof - Abstract - This paper presents an ontology-based approach to enable semantic interoperability and reasoning over the product information model. The web ontology language (OWL) and the semantic web rule language (SWRL) in the Semantic Web are employed to construct the product information model. The traditional modeling language called EXPRESS is discussed. The representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model is then proposed. The key of the representation methodology is mapping from EXPRESS to OWL/SWRL. Some illustrated examples are presented. - Keywords - Product information model; OWL; SWRL; EXPRESS; Ontology representation.
AIML <-> OWL ?? - http://www.mendicott.com/2007/12/aiml-owl.html - Marcus L Endicott Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web & Web 3.0 in Travel & Tourism - Since I posted my original query to the pandorabots-general list in July, I'm beginning to understand the concepts involved a little better, thanks also to replies from this group and others, such as the protege-owl list. - In a comment to my recent blog entry ("I'm dreaming of RSS in => AIML out"), Jean-Claude Morand has mentioned that RSS 1.0 would probably be more conducive to conversion into RDF or AIML than RSS 2.0. He also mentioned that the Dublin Core metadata standard may eventually overtake RSS in primacy. - 30 December 2007.
Carroll, Jeremy J., 2008, An OWL Full Interpretation - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/60.pdf - HP Labs, Bristol, UK - Abstract - This report is an appendix to report HPL-2008-59. It gives a worked example of the construction used in the proof from that report. For finiteness, a reduced datatype map consisting of only xsd:boolean is used. Each of the graphs in the construction is listed explicitly, with some redundancy eliminated. The final Herbrand graph contains about 15,000 triples.
Carroll, Jeremy J., Turner, Dave, 2008, The Consistency of OWL Full - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/58.pdf - HP Labs Technical Report, Bristol, UK, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge Univ - Abstract. We show that OWL1 Full without the comprehension principles is consistent, and does not break most RDF graphs that do not use the OWL vocabulary. We discuss the role of the comprehension principles in OWL semantics, and how to maintain the relationship between OWL Full and OWL DL by reinterpreting the comprehension principles as permitted steps when checking an entailment, rather than as model theoretic principles constraining the universe of interpretation. Starting with such a graph we build a Herbrand model, using, amongst other things, an RDFS ruleset, and syntactic analogs of the semantic "if and only if" conditions on the RDFS and OWL vocabulary. The ordering of these steps is carefully chosen, along with some initialization data, to break the cyclic dependencies between the various conditions. The normal Herbrand interpretation of this graph as its own model then suffices. The main result follows by using an empty graph in this construction. We discuss the relevance of our results, both to OWL2, and more generally to a future revision of the Semantic Web recommendations.
Carroll, Jeremy J., Turner, Dave, 2008, The Consistency of OWL Full (with proofs) - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/59.pdf - HP Labs Technical Report, Bristol, UK, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge Univ - Abstract. We show that OWL1 Full without the comprehension principles is consistent, and does not break most RDF graphs that do not use the OWL vocabulary. We discuss the role of the comprehension principles in OWL semantics, and how to maintain the relationship between OWL Full and OWL DL by reinterpreting the comprehension principles as permitted steps when checking an entailment, rather than as model theoretic principles constraining the universe of interpretation. Starting with such a graph we build a Herbrand model, using, amongst other things, an RDFS ruleset, and syntactic analogs of the semantic "if and only if" conditions on the RDFS and OWL vocabulary. The ordering of these steps is carefully chosen, along with some initialization data, to break the cyclic dependencies between the various conditions. The normal Herbrand interpretation of this graph as its own model then suffices. The main result follows by using an empty graph in this construction. We discuss the relevance of our results, both to OWL2, and more generally to a future revision of the Semantic Web recommendations. This longer version contains the proofs..
From BPEL4WS Process Model to Full OWL-S Ontology - http://www.eswc2006.org/poster-papers/FP13-Aslam.pdf - Muhammad Ahtisham Aslam, Sören Auer - University of Leipzig Germany, Jun Shen - University of Wollongong Australia - ABSTRACT - BPEL4WS is one of the most utilized business process development languages. It can be used to develop executable business processes as a combination of Web Services interactions in a specific sequence called process flow. But still BPEL4WS lacks sufficient representation of business process semantics required for business processes automation. On the other hand OWL-S (OWL for Web Services) is designed to present such kind of semantic information. There exists similarity in the conceptual model of OWL-S and BPEL4WS that can be used to overcome this lack of semantics in BEPL4WS by mapping the BPEL4WS process model to the OWL-S ontology. The mapped OWL-S service can be dynamically discovered, composed and invoked on the basis of matching semantics. Such a process of mapping syntax based Web Services composition in the form of BPEL process model to Semantic Web Services composition in the form of OWL-S composite service can also enable automation of BPEL processes as OWL-S services by applying AI planning techniques. In this paper we present a mapping strategy and a mapping tool that can be used to map BPEL processes to the OWL-S suite of ontologies.
Introduction to OWL - http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_owl.asp - OWL is a language for processing web information. What You Should Already Know Before you study OWL you should have a basic understanding of XML, XML Namespaces and RDF.
Mindswap - Maryland Information and Network Dynamics Lab Semantic Web Agents Project - http://www.mindswap.org/2004/owl-s/api/ - OWL-S API - OWL-S API provides a Java API for programmatic access to read, execute and write OWL-S (formerly known as DAML-S) service descriptions. The API supports to read different versions of OWL-S (OWL-S 1.0, OWL-S 0.9, DAML-S 0.7) descriptions. The API provides an ExecutionEngine that can invoke AtomicProcesses that has WSDL or UPnP groundings, and CompositeProcecesses that uses control constructs Sequence, Unordered, and Split. Executing processes that relies on conditionals such as If-Then-else and RepeatUntil is not supported in the default implementation. But this implementation can be extended to handle these constructs if the application that uses the OWL-S descriptions has a custom syntax and evaluation procedure for the conditions.
OWL-S API - http://www.mindswap.org/2004/owl-s/api/ - Mindswap - Maryland Information and Network Dynamics Lab Semantic Web Agents Project - OWL-S API provides a Java API for programmatic access to read, execute and write OWL-S (formerly known as DAML-S) service descriptions. The API supports to read different versions of OWL-S (OWL-S 1.0, OWL-S 0.9, DAML-S 0.7) descriptions. The API provides an ExecutionEngine that can invoke AtomicProcesses that has WSDL or UPnP groundings, and CompositeProcecesses that uses control constructs Sequence, Unordered, and Split. Executing processes that relies on conditionals such as If-Then-else and RepeatUntil is not supported in the default implementation. But this implementation can be extended to handle these constructs if the application that uses the OWL-S descriptions has a custom syntax and evaluation procedure for the conditions.
OWL-S Editor - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/download.shtml - Download.
OWL-S Editor - http://iswc2004.semanticweb.org/demos/02/paper.pdf - Grit Denker and Daniel Elenius and David Martin - SRI International, California, USA, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden - INTRODUCTION - An increasing number of organizations are endorsing Web Services (WS) technology to extend corporate resources to customers and partners and to leverage resources of others. AlthoughWeb Services, based on XML technology, allow interoperability, they do not support efficient and flexible search, allocation, composition, runtime monitoring, or invocation of those Web Services. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) use semantically rich annotations to facilitate these tasks. Richer semantics can provide fuller, more flexible automation of service provision, and use and support the construction of more powerful tools and methodologies.
OWL-S Editor to Semantically Annotate Web-Services - http://staff.um.edu.mt/cabe2/supervising/undergraduate/owlseditFYP/OwlSEdit.html - University of Malta - Department of Computer Science and A.I. - James Scicluna - The current version of the Owl-S Editor can be downloaded from here. We welcome any feedback related to how the tool was used and how effective it was to solve your particular needs. Let us know so that we can improve the tool.
OWL-S Intergrated Development Environment - http://projects.semwebcentral.org/projects/owl-s-ide.
OWL-S: Semantic Markup for Web Services - http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.1/overview/ - Abstract - The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties, and should be able to do so with a high degree of automation if desired. Powerful tools should be enabled by service descriptions, across the Web service lifecycle. OWL-S (formerly DAML-S) is an ontology of services that makes these functionalities possible. In this document we describe the overall structure of the ontology and its three main parts: the service profile for advertising and discovering services; the process model, which gives a detailed description of a service's operation; and the grounding, which provides details on how to interoperate with a service, via messages.
OWL Web Ontology Language Guide - http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ - W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004 - The World Wide Web as it is currently constituted resembles a poorly mapped geography. Our insight into the documents and capabilities available are based on keyword searches, abetted by clever use of document connectivity and usage patterns. The sheer mass of this data is unmanageable without powerful tool support. In order to map this terrain more precisely, computational agents require machine-readable descriptions of the content and capabilities of Web accessible resources. These descriptions must be in addition to the human-readable versions of that information.
The OWL-S Editor - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/ - This project aims to create an easy-to-use editor for creating OWL-S services. - The editor is being developed as a plugin to the - Protégé Ontology Editor. - This site is the main site for the OWL-S Editor project, but you may also want to look at our automatically-generated page on SemWebCentral.
The OWL-S Editor - A Development Tool for Semantic Web Services - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/documents/paper.pdf - Daniel Elenius, Grit Denker, David Martin, Fred Gilham, John Khouri, Shahin Sadaati, and Rukman Senanayake - SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA - Abstract. The power of Web Service (WS) technology lies in the fact that it establishes a common, vendor-neutral platform for integrating distributed computing applications, in intranets as well as the Internet at large. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) promise to provide solutions to the challenges associated with automated discovery, dynamic composition, enactment, and other tasks associated with managing and using service-based systems. One of the barriers to a wider adoption of SWS technology is the lack of tools for creating SWS specifications. OWL-S is one of the major SWS description languages. This paper presents an OWL-S Editor, whose objective is to allow easy, intuitive OWL-S service development and to provide a variety of special-purpose capabilities to facilitate SWS design. The editor is implemented as a plugin to the Protege OWL ontology editor, and is being developed as open-source software.
The OWL-S Editor - A Domain-Specific Extension to Protégé - Elenius, D., 2005. - 8th Intl. Protégé Conference - July 18-21, 2005 - Madrid, Spain.
VISUAL MODELING OF OWL-S SERVICES - http://members.deri.at/~jamess/pdfs/scicluna-iadis2004.pdf - Msida MSD 06, Malta (Europe) - Mr. James Scicluna, Mr. Charlie Abela, Dr. Matthew Montebello, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Malta - ABSTRACT - The Semantic Web is slowly gathering interest and becoming a reality. More people are becoming aware of this and are trying to embed Semantic Web technologies into their applications. This involves the use of tools that can handle rapid ontology building and validation in an easy and transparent manner. In the area of Semantic Web Web Services (SWWS) an OWL-S specification defines a set of ontologies through which a semantic description of the service can be created. At times this is not an easy task and could result in an incorrect specification of the description or even lead the fainthearted user to resort to some other type of description language. This paper describes the OWL-S editor tool that provides two methodologies in which such a web services description can be developed without exposing the developer to the underlying OWL-S syntax. These methodologies are based on a mapping from WSDL to OWL-S and on modeling a composite service using standard UML Activity Diagrams.
Related information on SWRL is at http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SWRLRuleML.
Miller and Baramidze (2005) explain and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). Zhao and Liu (2008) examine the need for sharing product information between partners as a product model, and how agreement through ontologies, Semantic Web, and standards can assist this. Zhao and Liu examine mapping of STEP representations to ontology languages OWL - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#OWL and SWRL and how this benefits interoperability. Zhao and Liu are encoding STEP rules and executable statements into OWL and SWRL. Zhao and Liu also show a diagram (similar to this one of Berners-Lee) of the position of OWL and SWRL in a stack of standards from XML in the Syntax layer up to OWL/SWRL in the Logic/Rule layer of 'Semantics'.
SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) combining OWL and RuleML and its use in modelling will also be investigated. This could be used for formally specifying the construction of equations and rules in a model and the relationships and constraints between items represented in an equation. Miller and Baramidze (2005) explain the SWRL language. An editing facility to model these equations and constraints, so that errors could be prevented, would improve the usability of future visual modelling systems created. Support for SWRL in Protégé and other ontology based systems will assist with the construction of a modelling system with sophisticated editing of rules (Miller and Baramidze, 2005). Miller and Baramidze (2005) examine efforts to develop mathematical semantic representations above the syntactical representations of MathML. SWRL also has standardised arithmetic and comparison operators (Zhao and Liu, 2008). These languages should enable standardisation of the representation of mathematical expressions that relate nodes, and their values and expressions; this would seem to be a difficult problem as it needs a user interface that enables complex mathematical structures to be conveyed by language and/or diagrammatic visualisation.
SWRL is a Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML - http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-SWRL-20040521/.
So far in creating ontologies for modelling for my thesis, if-then-else structures were edited using simplified english language. Elenius et al. explain that Protege now supports SWRL. This makes it possible to use SWRL expressions within Protege. So if-then-else and other control structures could be specified using SWRL. Protege provides an expression builder for this purpose. This also opens up the possibility of translating between an english representation of such structures and an SWRL structure or vice versa, so would be useful future research.
Protege support for SWRL is through the SWRLTab, and has been available since 2004 - http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?SWRLTab.
This paper by Elenius et al. is available online - The OWL-S Editor - A Development Tool for Semantic Web Services - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/documents/paper.pdf - Daniel Elenius, Grit Denker, David Martin, Fred Gilham, John Khouri, Shahin Sadaati, and Rukman Senanayake - SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.
This is the relevant paragraph - Refering to their own research - "One aspect of OWL-S services not covered in this paper is the editing of preconditions and effects of processes, and conditions associated with control constructs such as If-Then-Else. In OWL-S, these are normally described in the SWRL language. Currently, we simply provide a text box where users can enter these SWRL expressions. However, we plan to provide more user-friendly editing capabilities. Protege has recently"... (2004) ... "been enhanced with native support for SWRL, including a SWRL expression-builder, which will serve as the basis of this work."
One possible application of this would be using OWL-S, and UML type diagrams to produce interoperable process models diagrammatically.
More information on OWL is at http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#OWL.
References
Miller, J A., Baramidze, G., Simulation and the Semantic Web - 2005. - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference.
SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML - http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-SWRL-20040521/ - W3C Member Submission 21 May 2004 - Abstract - This document contains a proposal for a Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) based on a combination of the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of the OWL Web Ontology Language with the Unary/Binary Datalog RuleML sublanguages of the Rule Markup Language. SWRL includes a high-level abstract syntax for Horn-like rules in both the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of OWL. A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide the formal meaning for OWL ontologies including rules written in this abstract syntax. An XML syntax based on RuleML and the OWL XML Presentation Syntax as well as an RDF concrete syntax based on the OWL RDF/XML exchange syntax are also given, along with several examples.
The OWL-S Editor - A Development Tool for Semantic Web Services - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/documents/paper.pdf - Daniel Elenius, Grit Denker, David Martin, Fred Gilham, John Khouri, Shahin Sadaati, and Rukman Senanayake - SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA - Abstract. The power of Web Service (WS) technology lies in the fact that it establishes a common, vendor-neutral platform for integrating distributed computing applications, in intranets as well as the Internet at large. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) promise to provide solutions to the challenges associated with automated discovery, dynamic composition, enactment, and other tasks associated with managing and using service-based systems. One of the barriers to a wider adoption of SWS technology is the lack of tools for creating SWS specifications. OWL-S is one of the major SWS description languages. This paper presents an OWL-S Editor, whose objective is to allow easy, intuitive OWL-S service development and to provide a variety of special-purpose capabilities to facilitate SWS design. The editor is implemented as a plugin to the Protege OWL ontology editor, and is being developed as open-source software.
Zhao, W. and Liu, J.K. 2008. OWL/SWRL representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model Part I. Implementation methodology, Computers in Industry - Article in Press, Corrected Proof - Abstract - This paper presents an ontology-based approach to enable semantic interoperability and reasoning over the product information model. The web ontology language (OWL) and the semantic web rule language (SWRL) in the Semantic Web are employed to construct the product information model. The traditional modeling language called EXPRESS is discussed. The representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model is then proposed. The key of the representation methodology is mapping from EXPRESS to OWL/SWRL. Some illustrated examples are presented. - Keywords - Product information model; OWL; SWRL; EXPRESS; Ontology representation. Zhao and Liu (2008) are encoding STEP rules and executable statements into OWL and SWRL.
The research of the Rule Markup Initiative is explained here. Rules for the Web have become a mainstream topic since inference rules became important in E-Commerce and the Semantic Web, and since transformation rules were put into practice for document generation from a central XML repository. Rules have continued to play an important role in artificial intelligence, knowledge-based systems, and for intelligent agents. This is now combined with standardisation in XML/RDF enabling use of declarative rules for web services. The Rule Markup Initiative has taken steps towards defining a shared Rule Markup Language (RuleML), enabling both forward (bottom-up) and backward (top-down) rules.
References
RuleML - The Rule Markup Initiative http://www.ruleml.org/.
SRML - Simulation Reference Markup Language - http://www.w3.org/TR/SRML/ - W3C Note 18 December 2002.
SRML case study: simple self-describing process modeling and simulation - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1371486 - Reichenthal, S.W. Boeing, Anaheim, CA, USA; 2004, Simulation Conference, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter - Volume: 2, pp 1461- 1466 - ISBN: 0-7803-8786-4.
To allow users to create code I intend to create a translator using pure XML or RDF/XML programming so the entire solution would be in XML based languages. This involves programming with Semantic Web languages rather than just using them for information representation. This will make the translation easier and more reliable, and further improve the maintainability of the whole system.
Programming with XML - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm#ProgrammingwithXML.
XML Page - XML information and links.
XML DTDs and Schema, stylesheet transformation - XML information and examples.
This example converts an - LDAP representation of a staff member (myself) to a representation required for the Faculty Information System Project of Chris Wallace. XSL Transformation Example.
XQuery examples eXist XML Database - XQuery examples.
I'm dreaming of RSS in => AIML out - http://www.mendicott.com/2007/12/im-dreaming-of-rss-in-aiml-out.html - Marcus L Endicott Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web & Web 3.0 in Travel & Tourism - I am still trying to get my head around the relationship between chatbots and the Semantic Web, or Web 3.0.... Any thoughts or comments on the precise nature of this relationship are welcome. - Converting from VKB back into AIML was my first crash course in working with XML dialects.... Since then the old lightbulb has gone off, or rather "on" I should say, and it suddenly dawned on me that the whole hullabaloo about Web 2.0 largely centers on the exchange of metadata, most often in the form of RSS, another XML dialect. - I was really stoked to learn of the work of Eric Freese, apparently processing logic using the Jena framework then manually(?) converting that RDF into AIML; however, I continue to wait for word of his "Semetag/AIMEE" example at http://www.semetag.com . - My understanding is that it is quite do-able, as in off the shelf, to pull RSS into a database and accumulate it there.... Could such a database of RSS not be used as a potential knowledgebase for a chatbot? - 22 December 2007.
JANS Project Report - JANS Group report - Word Document - Explains how Yahoo Pipes and RSS Feeds were used in the Space Horizons JANS group project.
RSS - RSS information
Space Horizons RSS Feed - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/JANS/spacehorizons/folder/news.php - This website was designed and developed by three 2nd year Information Technology University students in Bristol to provide their client (Space Horizons) with a solution that promoted the organisations space projects, news and information to the public.
Squidoo Lens - Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) - Systems Engineering Estimation and Decision Support (SEEDS) - Peter Hale.
XQuery examples eXist XML Database - RSS Reader example - Chris Wallace.
Yahoo Pipes - http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/ - Pipes is a powerful composition tool to aggregate, manipulate, and mashup content from around the web. - Like Unix pipes, simple commands can be combined together to create output that meets your needs.
AJAX/Web2.0 - AJAX Web2.0
AJAX/Web2.0 page - AJAX Web2.0
Drag and Drop Programming - Example and Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#DragandDropProgramming.
Drag and Drop Programming - Post - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2007/08/drag-and-drop-programming.html.
DSA2006 - http://dsa2006.blogspot.com/ - This blog supports the group of students taking Data, Schemas and Applications UFIEKG-20-3, a module taught in the Information Systems School at the University of the West of England in Bristol, UK.
UWE Student Project - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Web%20Semantic/Index.html - Investigating and implement the idea of 'ModConsWest' (Modelling and Constructionism with Web based E-Learning Semantic Tools)" - Lee Ediagbonya and Awaab Eltahir.
SPARQL is the query language and protocol for RDF being recommended to the World Wide Web Consortium - http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/. A tutorial on SPARQL has been developed by Dodds http://www.xml.com/lpt/a/2005/11/16/introducing-sparql-querying-semantic-web-tutorial.html. Miller and Baramidze (2005) explain that "Finding information in the new Semantic Web will likely become some hybrid of information retrieval, navigation and query processing".
A relational algebra for SPARQL - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2005/HPL-2005-170.html - Hewlett-Packard Technical Report - Cyganiak, Richard 28 September 2005 - The SPARQL query language for RDF provides Semantic Web developers with a powerful tool to extract information from large datasets. This report describes a transformation from SPARQL into the relational algebra, an abstract intermediate language for the expression and analysis of queries. This makes existing work on query planning and optimization available to SPARQL implementors. A further translation into SQL is outlined, and mismatches between SPARQL semantics and the relational approach are discussed.
A Relational View of the Semantic Web - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2007/03/14/a-relational-view-of-the-semantic-web.html - Andrew Newman - March 14, 2007.
ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena - ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena.
BIRT: Creating SPARQL-based charts and reports - http://composing-the-semantic-web.blogspot.com/2007/11/birt-creating-sparql-based-charts-and.html - Composing the Semantic Web - A tool developer's blog on ontology development for the Semantic Web and beyond. - Being based on the Eclipse platform, TopBraid Composer can seamlessly integrate with other Eclipse-based tools and services. One of the most complex Eclipse plug-ins is BIRT, an open source Eclipse-based reporting system that can be used to generate charts and other reports from input data. BIRT is typically used to take its input from relational databases or spreadsheets, but it provides an open architecture that allows programmers to plug in arbitrary tabular data sources. - November 12, 2007.
DBpedia and Simile Timeline - http://thewallaceline.blogspot.com/2007/12/dbpedia-and-simile-timeline.html - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/DBpedia_with_SPARQL_and_Simile_Timeline_-_Album_Chronology - Sunday, December 30, 2007 - Simile Timeline provides a neat way to display events and we have been using it on the FOLD project and on the DSA module to represent the events in the life of music artists and groups, with data extracted by hand from a copy of the Rolling Stones Review. Having discovered DBpedia, it seems obvious to progress to using this data source instead. The XQuery code is presented in an article in the Wikibook.
Introducing SPARQL: Querying the Semantic Web - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/11/16/introducing-sparql-querying-semantic-web-tutorial.html - by Leigh Dodds - November 16, 2005 - An Introduction to SPARQL - This tutorial, the first of a three-part series, introduces SPARQL -- a query language and data access protocol for the Semantic Web. SPARQL is defined in terms of the W3C's RDF data model and will work for any data source that can be mapped into RDF. The specification is under development by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) and has recently reached Last Call Working Draft.
Joseki - A SPARQL Server for Jena - Joseki - A SPARQL Server for Jena.
Lee Feigenbaum - SPARQL Calender Demo - SPARQL Calendar Demo - Overview.
Leigh Dodds - Twinkle: A Sparql Query Tool.
Miller, J A., Baramidze, G., - Simulation and the Semantic Web - 2005. - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference.
O'Reilly - XML.com - Introducing SPARQL: Querying the Semantic Web - SPARQL - November 16, 2005.
O'Reilly - XML.com - SPARQL - SPARQL: Web 2.0 Meet the Semantic Web.
Philip McCarthy - Search RDF data with SPARQL.
Seaborne A, 2006 Using RDF with XML - SPARQL and XML Access languages - HP Research Labs - http://www.xmluk.org/xmlaccess0906.htm#andy - One day conference - XML Access Languages - Tuesday 26 September - CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory - Didcot, Oxfordshire.
SPARQL - http://dret.net/glossary/sparql - Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language.
SPARQL Protocol for RDF - http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/ - W3C Proposed Recommendation 12 November 2007.
SPARQLer - An RDF Query Demo - http://sparql.org/query.html - Example queries (or edit and write your own!). All the text boxes invoke the same "books" service - they just get initialised with different examples.
SPARQLing Services - http://xtech06.usefulinc.com/schedule/paper/61 - Leigh Dodds, Ingenta plc - XTech 2006: "Building Web 2.0" - 16-19 May 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The Road to SPARQL - http://gearon.blogspot.com/ - Thursday, October 25, 2007 - Paul Gearon.
W3C Publishes SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language Semantic Web Standard - http://xml.coverpages.org/ni2008-01-16-a.html - SPARQL (a recursive acronym for "SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language," pronounced "sparkle") has been released as a standard by W3C. The three-part specification was produced by members of the RDF Data Access Working Group, which is part of the W3C Semantic Web Activity. It defines a standardized query language for RDF enabling the 'joining' of decentralized collections of RDF data. - RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a directed, labeled graph data format for representing information in the Web. RDF "integrates a variety of applications from library catalogs and world-wide directories to syndication and aggregation of news, software, and content to personal collections of music, photos, and events using XML as an interchange syntax. The RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the Web." - January 16, 2008.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - SPARQL.
XQuery/RDF and the Emp-Dept case study - http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XQuery/RDF_and_the_Emp-Dept_case_study - The Employee -Department case study used in the comparison of SQL and XQuery is used here to explore the XQuery/SPARQL pairing. This is a work-in-progress as the writer learns about RDF, the semantic web and linked data. - Chris Wallace.
XQuery - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm#XQuery.
VoCampOxford2008 - http://vocamp.org/wiki/VoCampOxford2008 - Weds 24th and Thurs 25th September 2008. - Wolfson College, Oxford, UK - WhatIsVoCamp - What's the Problem? - Continued growth of the Web of Data/Semantic Web is heavily dependent on the availability of vocabularies/ontologies that can be used to publish data. While a number of key vocabularies are in widespread use, there are also many areas with little or no vocabulary coverage, hindering the ability to publish data in these domains. - What is VoCamp? - VoCamp is a series (hopefully) of informal events where people can spend some dedicated time creating lightweight vocabularies/ontologies for the Semantic Web/Web of Data. The emphasis of the event(s) is not on creating the perfect ontology in a particular domain, but on creating vocabs that are good enough for people to start using for publishing data on the Web. The intention is to follow a "paper first, laptops second" format, where the modelling is done initially on paper and only later committed to code. The VoCamp idea is heavily influenced by BarCamp, although the VoCamp should only have presentations where strictly necessary. - What Next? - The first VoCamp event will take place in Oxford, UK in September 2008 (VoCampOxford2008). But you can run your own VoCamp too...
Using Open Source and Open Standards to Enable Transformational Government
The Hawthorns, Woodland Road, Clifton, Bristol
British Computer Society BCS Bristol Branch
Transformational Government is intended to be an intensive, structural and fundamental change in the operational processes of Government bodies, enabled by the use of Information Systems & Technology in the back-office. It is expected to deliver major efficiency savings across the public sector without any further investment beyond existing budgets.
What does Transformational Government look like in practice within a Local Authority? How can it be implemented without any additional funding? How can intensely technical subjects like open source and open standards contribute to business change? Gavin Beckett, ICT Strategy Manager at Bristol City Council, will attempt to answer these questions and give an overview of Bristol's successes and challenges to date.
Gavin has been a central figure in Bristol's strategic use of Open Source and Open Standards since 2002; was a founder of the Open Source Academy; and works actively with a variety of EU interest groups and government bodies on the adoption of ODF.
Further Information - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/?q=node/44.
Informing Digital Futures: Strategies for Citizen Engagement
BCS Sociotechnical group South West
University of the West of England - room 2B020 - in B block - http://www.uwe.ac.uk/maps/frenchay_map.shtml - 18:30 for 19:00 start
Professor Leela Damodaran, Loughborough University
Summary
In the present digital revolution we often seem trapped in a Kafkaesque world of technological advances, some desired, some disliked or even feared, which we cannot influence but must accept.
This talk discusses the urgent need to redress this situation. It will argue that technologies succeed or fail according to their relevance and value to people, who need to be actively engaged in order to create shared visions, and influence their implementation.
All too often ICT advances are regarded purely as a technical challenge where the designers believe that systems analysis will of itself yield complete and comprehensive functional specifications.
The talk will highlight the crucial benefits and added value to be gained from empowering citizens to shape ICT design decisions. Finally, it will provide specific practical guidance, based on sound academic research, for policy makers, administrators and ICT professionals on the strategies, methodologies, tools and techniques needed to change design practice.
Further Information - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.20503 - BCS Sociotechnical group South West - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.10216. - British Computer Society BCS Bristol page - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/?q=node/49.
A Re-conceptualisation of the Interpretive Flexibility of Information Technologies: Redressing the balance between the Social and the Technical
BCS Sociotechnical group South West
University of the West of England - room 2B020 - in B block - http://www.uwe.ac.uk/maps/frenchay_map.shtml - 18:30 for 19:00 start
Professor Neil Doherty Loughborough University
Summary
Interpretive flexibility - the capacity of a specific technology to sustain divergent opinions - has long been recognised as playing an important role in explaining how technical artefacts are socially constructed. What is less clear is how a system's technical characteristics might limit its ability to be interpreted flexibly.
This gap in the literature has largely arisen because recent contributions to this debate have tended to be rather one-sided, focussing almost solely upon the role of the human agent in shaping the technical artefact, and in so doing either downplaying or ignoring the artefact's shaping potential.
The broad aim of this presentation is to reappraise the nature and role of interpretive flexibility but giving as much consideration to how an information system's technical characteristics might limit its ability to be interpreted flexibly, as we do to its potential for social construction.
In this presentation the results of two in-depth case studies, are used in order to propose a re-conceptualisation of the role of interpretive flexibility. In short, this model helps explain how the initial interpretations of stakeholders are significantly influenced by the scope and adaptability of the system's functionality.
Stakeholder interpretations will then, in turn, influence how the system's functionality is appropriated and exploited by users, to allow divergent interpretations to be realised and sustained.
Further Information - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.20504 - BCS Sociotechnical group South West - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.10216. - British Computer Society BCS Bristol page - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/?q=node/50.
Extending Collaboration with Social Software
BCS Sociotechnical group South West
University of the West of England - room 2B020 - in B block - http://www.uwe.ac.uk/maps/frenchay_map.shtml - 18:30 for 19:00 start
Paula Dantas Senior IT Specialist for Lotus at IBM UK Ltd
Summary
The days when "Collaboration" meant "E-Mail" are well and truly over. Not only is real time collaboration becoming an accepted part of office life, but it is being extended to deliver Unified Communications and Collaboration.
However this is just the start. Web 2.0 is extending traditional Team Collaboration and Document Sharing solutions with Social Software designed to run within an enterprise and encourage better dissemination of information and faster decision making, as well as empowering employees to deliver the innovation companies need to maintain their competitive advantage.
This session looks at IBM's internal experiences from our research into social software and the impact it is having on the way we do business.
Further Information - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.20505 - BCS Sociotechnical group South West - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.10216.
November 11th 2008
Semantic Web Interest Group - SWIG-UK event
==== SWIG-UK - A Semantic Web Community Event
Hewlett-Packard Bristol
We would like to invite users and developers interested in the semantic web to attend a community event to be held at HP Labs Bristol, UK on Tuesday 11 November 2008. This will be an opportunity for you to meet other users and developers and to share experiences with semantic web applications.
The day will a mixture of discussion, demos, short presentations, with a few longer presentations if offered. The objective is to allow people to share experiences of using the semantic web. The agenda will be driven by the attendees; it is not limited to Jena applications nor limited to the UK.
Please register early so we know there is critical mass for the event.
Registration: swig-uk-2008@sparql.net
Further Information - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/semanticweb-southwest/ - Directions: http://www.hpl.hp.com/bristol/directions.html.
The NHS National Programme for Information Technology: A Sociotechnical Perspective
BCS Sociotechnical group South West
University of the West of England - room 2B020 - in B block - http://www.uwe.ac.uk/maps/frenchay_map.shtml - 18:30 for 19:00 start
Professor Emeritus Ken Eason Bayswater Institute / Loughborough University
Summary
Launched in 2002 the NHS National Programme for Information Technology is a very large 10-year programme to create electronic patient records that can be shared across all the NHS Trusts in England.
It is funded to deliver interoperable technical systems but has as its fundamental objective the development of healthcare practices based on electronic records. This implies major changes to the work practices of nearly a million NHS staff and means that the Programme is an attempt at very large-scale sociotechnical systems change.
This presentation will review the progress of the programme from a sociotechnical systems perspective after 6 years and examine whether and how changes in working practice are being accomplished. The findings show not only the impact of the Programme on the NHS Trusts but also the effect of the Trusts on the technology suppliers and the organisation of the programme itself.
Further Information - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.20506 - BCS Sociotechnical group South West - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.10216. - British Computer Society BCS Bristol page - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/?q=node/52.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/Events.htm.
2008 Lovelace Lecture - A tribute to Karen Sparck Jones. - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.8997 - Ann Copestake will be presenting the 2008 Lovelace Lecture entitled 'What do we mean? Computational approaches to natural language semantics'. - Ann is Reader in Computational Linguistics in the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge. - Date: Tuesday 13 May 2008 Time: 6.30pm registration for 7pm lecture Venue: Main Lecture Theatre, Ground Floor - The Royal Society of Medicine - 1 Wimpole Street - London W1G 0AE.
3rd Annual European Semantic Web Conference - http://www.eswc2006.org/ - Budva, Montenegro from the 11th - 14th June, 2006.
9th Intl. Protégé Conference - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/ - July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California.
ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia and the Web - http://www.sigweb.org/conferences/deng-cover.shtml - Conferences.
ACM Document Engineering Confernce Details - http://www.documentengineering.org/ - The ACM Symposium on Document Engineering is an annual meeting of researchers active in document engineering.
ACM - DocEng 2005 - http://www.hpl.hp.com/conferences/DocEng2005/ - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering - 2-4 November 2005 - Bristol, United Kingdom.
ACM - DocEng 2006 - http://www.cwi.nl/events/2006/DocEng2006/ - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering - 10-13 October 2006 - Amsterdam, Netherlands.
ACM - DocEng 2007 - http://doceng07.cs.umanitoba.ca/ - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering - 28-31 August 2007 - Winnepeg, Canada.
Basics of AI Workshop http://www.bcs-sgai.org/?section=basics - British Computer Society offices near Covent Garden on July 12th 2007 - London.
ESTC2007 - http://www.estc2007.com/ - 1st European Semantic Technology Conference initiates a new conference series in Semantic technologies in Europe. ESTC2007 is a new European meeting ground for customers, developers and researchers to discuss the applicability and commercialization of Semantic technologies in corporate settings - May 31st - June 1st - Vienna - Austria.
European ICT Forum - http://www.idc.com/events/emea/ictforum07/index.jsp - 10th -11th September 2007 Berlin - IDC's flagship event in Europe, now in its 17th year, is being held in the heart of Europe - Berlin. - This year, the forum will focus on the converging 2.0 technologies that are revolutionizing business and IT. The decisions companies make today, in relation to these technologies, will help or hinder their ability to compete and survive in the next few years.
Grand Challenges in Computing Research - GCCR'08 - From computers to ubiquitous computing, by 2020 - British Computer Society BCS - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.9891 - GCCR'08 will take place over two days from 18-19 March 2008 in London. It is timed to follow on from the Ubiquitous Computing discussion meeting being held at the Royal Society on 17-18 March - As indicated in the title GCCR'08 will focus on the research grand challenges that were established by UKCRC in 2002.
Hypertext 2007 - Hypertext, The Web, and Beyond: Five Autonomous Programmes, One Unified Conference - http://www.sigweb.org/ht07/ - Manchester, UK 10th - 12th September 2007.
IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing - http://icsc2007.eecs.uci.edu/ - September 17-19, 2007 - Irvine, California, USA - The field Semantic Computing applies technologies in natural language processing, data and knowledge engineering, software engineering, computer systems and networks, signal processing and pattern recognition, and any combination of the above to extract, access, transform and synthesize the semantics (contents) of multimedia, texts, services and structured data.
IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing - http://www.cmis.brighton.ac.uk/vlhcc/ - 2006 - Brighton, UK.
IADIS (International Association for Development of the Information Society) - http://www.iadis.org/ - Home page with Conference Details.
IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems 2007 http://www.mccsis.org/ - Lisbon, Portugal 3 - 8 July 2007.
IASTED 2008 - Software Engineering - http://www.iasted.org/conferences/home-598.html - SE 2008 - as part of the 26th IASTED International Multi-Conference on APPLIED INFORMATICS - February 12 - 14, 2008 Innsbruck, Austria.
ISWC 2008 - THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SEMANTIC WEB CONFERENCE - http://iswc2008.semanticweb.org/ - 26-30 October 2008, Karlsruhe Germany - ISWC 2008 is a significant gathering for the Semantic Web community, with many exciting and stimulating events. This year we are fortunate to hold the conference at the Karlsruhe Kongresszentrum, a convention facility conveniently located in Karlsruhe's city center. The ISWC 2008 program includes a great deal for practitioners, researchers, students, and business people, including both the experienced and those new to the concepts and technology. The days before the start of the main conference include the Doctoral Consortium, a series of eleven half and full-day tutorials, and thirteen workshops.
ITA 07 - Second International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications - http://www.ita07.org/login/index.php - 4th - 7th September 2007 - The second in a series of biennial international conferences on Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA 07), will be held in Wrexham, North East Wales, UK from Tuesday 4th to Friday 7th September 2007. The conference will draw together researchers and developers from academia and industry across all fields of Internet computing and engineering. Accepted papers will be published in the conference proceedings.
Jena Semantic Web Platform User Conference JUC - 2007 - http://hpl.hp.com/conferences/juc2007/ - Silicon Valley California - September 5-6 2007 - Jena is an open source Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine.
Jena User Conference - Presentations and Papers - 2006 - First Jena User Conference - Proceedings.
Koala Publishing Ltd - CheckPoint '06 - London Conference - Date To be Announced - November
MetaKnowledge mash-up 2007 - http://www.epsg.org.uk/KIDMM/mashup2007/ - Data, information resources and repositories of human knowledge - people and organisations increasingly gather, produce, manage, classify, index and access these using networked computers. - 17 September, London.
Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference - http://www.informs-cs.org/wsc05papers/297.pdf - Simulation and the Semantic Web - M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds.
Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence - http://www.aaai.org/Library/AAAI/aaai06contents.php#web - July 16-20, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts - Published by The AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California.
Regional Meeting on Mathematics, Computation and Biology
Hewlett Packard Laboratories
The Bath and Bristol area is home to a number of high quality research groups in biology, mathematical and computational biology, biologically-inspired computation, artificial intelligence and robotics. This year, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories is pleased to host the fourth meeting of the regional Mathematics, Computation and Biology Network.
Further Information - http://www.hpl.hp.com/conferences/mcb08/ - Events.
Second IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing - IEEE ICSC2008 - http://icsc.eecs.uci.edu/ - August 4th-7th, 2008, Santa Clara, CA, USA - Sponsored by IEEE Computer Society - The field of Semantic Computing (SC) brings together those disciplines concerned with connecting the (often vaguely-formulated) intentions of humans with computational content. This connection can go both ways: retrieving, using and manipulating existing content according to user's goals ("do what the user means"); and creating, rearranging, and managing content that matches the author's intentions ("do what the author means"). - The content addressed in SC includes, but is not limited to, structured and semi-structured data, multimedia data, text, programs, services and, even, network behavior. This connection between content and the user is made via (1) Semantic Analysis, which analyzes content with the goal of converting it to meaning (semantics); (2) Semantic Integration, which integrates content and semantics from multiple sources; (3) Semantic Applications, which utilize content and semantics to solve problems; and (4) Semantic Interfaces, which attempt to interpret users' intentions expressed in natural language or other communicative forms.
Service Orientated Architecture - 19 March 2008 - The Hawthorns, Clifton -British Computer Sociey (BCS) - Bristol Branch - 7.00 pm for 7.30 pm - Michael Quinton of Torry Harris Business Solutions will provide an overview for achieving Service Oriented Architecture and will address issues such as what remains onsite; what goes offshore; challenges; benefits, selecting and retaining a partner. - British Computer Society (Bristol) - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/index.php3 - Events Page - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/2007/progcard.pdf - BCS Bristol Events.
SPA-206 - The Semantic Web: a Bluffer's Guide - http://bcs-spa.org/cgi-bin/view/SPA/SemanticWebBluffersGuide - Bernard Horan, Sun Microsystems - 4th April 2007 - 18:30 - London.
SVG Open 2008 - http://svgopen.org/2008/index.php - 6th International Conference on Scalable Vector Graphics - 26th to 28th August - Nuremberg - Germany - The world conference on SVG will this year take place in the center of Nuremberg. Located in the south of Germany.
SWET 2006 - http://events.deri.at/swet06/ - Semantic Web Education and Training Workshop (SWET'06), in affiliation with First Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC), September 2006, Beijing China.
Summer School on Ontological Engineering and the Semantic Web (SSSW'07) - http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/sssw07/frames.jsp - July 8, 2007 - July 14, 2007. Cercedilla (Spain).
The 6th International Semantic Web Conference and the 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference, 2007 - http://iswc2007.semanticweb.org/ - Busan, Korea - November 11 (Sunday) - 15 (Thursday), 2007.
THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KNOWLEDGE, CULTURE AND CHANGE IN ORGANISATIONS - http://www.ManagementConference.com - Cambridge University, United Kingdom, 5-8 August 2008 - The primary interest of the Management Conference is knowledge-based social and economic change. Driven by globalisation and advances in information and communications technologies, this change has been characterised in terms of emerging information/knowledge societies and a global knowledge-based economy.
'The Web: Looking Back, Looking Forward' - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.8997 - Tuesday 13th March 2007 - Congress Centre, 28 Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3LS.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ - Semantic Web.
Visions of Computer Science - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.9878 - Imperial College London September 22-24, 2008 - Paper Submission Deadline May 20, 2008 - The BCS is launching its first international academic conference, intended as a major international event to take place in the UK. This year's theme is 'Visions of Computer Science. We aim to establish the pattern of a high-quality wide-spectrum UK-based conference, with a strong international profile. Moreover, the aim is to energise the UK community and bring it together around positive and inspiring visions of our discipline. - Keynote speakers will include the following ACM Turing Award Winners: Fran Allen, Vint Cerf, Tony Hoare, Dick Karp, Robin Milner, Michael Rabin, Joseph Sifakis.
VoCampOxford2008 - http://vocamp.org/wiki/VoCampOxford2008 - Weds 24th and Thurs 25th September 2008. - Wolfson College, Oxford, UK - WhatIsVoCamp - What's the Problem? - Continued growth of the Web of Data/Semantic Web is heavily dependent on the availability of vocabularies/ontologies that can be used to publish data. While a number of key vocabularies are in widespread use, there are also many areas with little or no vocabulary coverage, hindering the ability to publish data in these domains. - What is VoCamp? - VoCamp is a series (hopefully) of informal events where people can spend some dedicated time creating lightweight vocabularies/ontologies for the Semantic Web/Web of Data. The emphasis of the event(s) is not on creating the perfect ontology in a particular domain, but on creating vocabs that are good enough for people to start using for publishing data on the Web. The intention is to follow a "paper first, laptops second" format, where the modelling is done initially on paper and only later committed to code. The VoCamp idea is heavily influenced by BarCamp, although the VoCamp should only have presentations where strictly necessary. - What Next? - The first VoCamp event will take place in Oxford, UK in September 2008 (VoCampOxford2008). But you can run your own VoCamp too...
Web 2.0 Conference - http://www.web2con.com/web2006/ - November 7-9 2007 - San Francisco.
WWW 2006 - Edinburgh Conference - May 23-26.
WWW2008 - 17th International World Wide Web Conference - http://www2008.org/ - The International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (IW3C2) and Beihang University cordially invite you to participate in the 17th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2008), to be held at Beijing International Convention Center.
WWW2009 - http://www2009.org/ - The International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (IW3C2) and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid are holding the 18th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2009) from 20-24 April 2009.
XML.Com - Conferences - http://conferences.oreillynet.com/.
XML Prague Conference - Prague Conference - June 17-18 Prague.
XTech Conference - Schedule - XTech 2006: "Building Web 2.0" - 16-19 May 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
XTech Conference - Building Rich, Encapsulated Widgets Using XBL, XForms and SVG - Mark Birbeck, x-port.net Ltd.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/Events.htm.
Semantic Web History - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory/Semanticweb.htm.
Tim Berners-Lee - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory/TimBernersLee.htm.
Dagstuhl Seminar Information about linking Meta Programming Model Driven Programming, Service Oriented Architecture and UML for End-User Programming - http://userdrivenmodelling.blogspot.com/2007/07/dagstuhl-seminar-end-user-software_28.html.
Model Driven Programming - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#ModelDrivenProgramming.
Requirements Engineering - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/softwareengineering.htm#RequirementsEngineering.
SoAgile: Adaptive Model-Driven Service-Oriented Architectures for Agile Cyber-Enterprise Processes - The SoAgile project aims to design, develop, demonstrate, and disseminate a service-adaptable virtualisation layer and an encompassing evolutionary service-oriented and model-driven engineering environment.
UML - Unified Modeling Language.
19 March 2008
The Hawthorns, Clifton
British Computer Sociey (BCS) - Bristol Branch
Service Orientated Architecture
7.00 pm for 7.30 pm
Michael Quinton of Torry Harris Business Solutions will provide an overview for achieving Service Oriented Architecture and will address issues such as what remains onsite; what goes offshore; challenges; benefits, selecting and retaining a partner.
British Computer Society (Bristol) - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/index.php3 - Events Page - http://www.bristol.bcs.org.uk/2007/progcard.pdf - BCS Bristol Events.
British Computer Society - Debunking the myths of SOA - Daniel Magid, Aldon Inc - Is service-oriented architecture (SOA) over-rated or one of the most important IT developments in recent times? Daniel Magid, president and CEO of Aldon Inc., takes a closer look at SOA and the reasons why it's everywhere.
Extended XQuery for SOA - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2007/09/12/extended-xquery-for-soa.html - Dino Fancellu, Edmund Gimzewski - In a services-oriented architecture (SOA), a business process is implemented as a web service that programs (orchestrates in SOA terminology) other web services. An orchestrator web service is usually coded in a language outside the XML domain (e.g., Java), and in this context XQuery is used only to query and transform data—not to orchestrate other web services. However, here we show how a few extensions to XQuery give it the additional role of web service orchestrator, allowing this XML-domain-specific language to implement all the steps in a complex SOA processes. - O'Reilly XML.com - September 14, 2007.
Richard Veryard - Data Mappings - http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~rxv/infomgt/datamapping.pdf - Soap Box Blog, 2006 http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~rxv/so/2006/11/semantic-coupling.htm.
Russ Miles - http://www.soaranch.com/russ-miles-on-soa/ - Your daily drip feed of all things SOA.
Service-Oriented Architecture - XML.com - Service-oriented architecture - Hao He.
Service-Oriented Architecture - Wikipedia - Service-oriented architecture.
SOA Ranch - http://www.soaranch.com/ - Your daily drip feed of all things SOA.
SOAWorld 2007: Enterprise Open Source: http://www.soaeosconference.sys-con.com/ - June 25-27 2007 - New York.
What Is Service-Oriented Architecture - http://webservices.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2003/09/30/soa.html - O'Reilly Xml.com - Hao He September 30 2003.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/ELearning.htm.
Ajax/Web 2.0 Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Ajax/ajax.htm#UsefulPapers.
Centre for Complex Cooperative Systems (C3S) Presentations - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/presentations.php?menu=off.
Centre for Complex Cooperative Systems (C3S) Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/cccs/publications.php?menu=off.
Modelling Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Modelling.htm#UsefulPublications.
SEEDS Publications - Publications list.
SVG Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/SVG/SVG.htm#UsefulPublications.
XML Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/XML/XML.htm#Useful Publications.
9th Intl. Protégé Conference - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/ - July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California.
Al-Khalifa, H. S., Davis, H. C., 2006. Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds: How To Semantically Annotate Web Resource Using Folksonomies. In: Proceedings of IADIS Web Applications and Research (WAR2006). - http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13158/
Auer, S., Riechert, T., Dietzold, S., 2006. OntoWiki - A Tool for Social, Semantic Collaboration - 5th International Semantic Web Conference, Athens, GA, USA, November 5-9, 2006.
Banks, Dave; Cayzer, Steve; Dickinson, Ian; Reynolds, Dave - The ePerson Snippet Manager: a Semantic Web Application - http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-328.html - In this report we describe the lessons and experiences from developing a substantial semantic web application in the domain of community knowledge management.
Bechhofer S, Carrol J (2004) Parsing owl dl: trees or triples? - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/713845.html - Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, NY, USA pp 266 - 275.
Berners-Lee T, 1999, Weaving the Web, Harper San Francisco, ISBN 0062515861.
Berners-Lee T, Hall W, Hendler J, Shadbolt N, Weitzner D J. 2006. Web Science Publications - Creating a Science of the Web - Science 11 August 2006:Vol. 313. no. 5788, pp. 769 - 771.
Berners-Lee T, Hendler, J Lassila, O, 2001, The Semantic Web, a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities, Scientific American May 2001.
Bloodsworth, P., Greenwood, S., COSMOA: An Ontology-Centric Multi-Agent System For Coordinating Medical Responses To Large-Scale Disasters, 2005. - AI Communications archive Volume 18 Issue 3 - Agents Applied in Health Care - Pages: 229 - 240 - ISSN:0921-7126 - Citation - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1218877.
Brodlie, Duce, Duke, Visualization Ontologies - http://www.nesc.ac.uk/talks/393/vis_ontology_report.pdf - Report of a Workshop held at the National e-Science Centre - 7/8 April 2004 - Background - A workshop on visualization for e-science, held at NeSC in January 2003, identified the need to establish an ontology for visualization. The meeting on the 7th and 8th of April was organized to investigate the structure for such an ontology, and to relate it to examples. As it matures, the ontology will provide a common vocabulary for describing visualization data, processes, and products, and is intended to support: - the description and discovery of web services - sharing of process models (pipelines) between visualization developers and users - curation and provenance management of visualization processes and data - collaboration and interaction across distributed sites - The meeting attracted 18 delegates, representing a range of visualization communities. It was organized by Prof. Brodlie (Leeds), Prof. Duce (Oxford-Brookes) and Dr.Duke (Leeds).
Carroll, J. J., Dickinson, I., Dollin, C., Reynolds, D., Seaborne, A., and Wilkinson, K. 2004. Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations. Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web Conference on Alternate Track Papers & Posters (New York, NY, USA, May 19 - 21, 2004). WWW Alt. '04. ACM Press, New York, NY, pp. 74-83. - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/carroll04jena.html.
Carroll, Jeremy J., 2008, An OWL Full Interpretation - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/60.pdf - HP Labs, Bristol, UK - Abstract - This report is an appendix to report HPL-2008-59. It gives a worked example of the construction used in the proof from that report. For finiteness, a reduced datatype map consisting of only xsd:boolean is used. Each of the graphs in the construction is listed explicitly, with some redundancy eliminated. The final Herbrand graph contains about 15,000 triples.
Carroll, Jeremy J., Turner, Dave, 2008, The Consistency of OWL Full - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/58.pdf - HP Labs Technical Report, Bristol, UK, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge Univ - Abstract. We show that OWL1 Full without the comprehension principles is consistent, and does not break most RDF graphs that do not use the OWL vocabulary. We discuss the role of the comprehension principles in OWL semantics, and how to maintain the relationship between OWL Full and OWL DL by reinterpreting the comprehension principles as permitted steps when checking an entailment, rather than as model theoretic principles constraining the universe of interpretation. Starting with such a graph we build a Herbrand model, using, amongst other things, an RDFS ruleset, and syntactic analogs of the semantic "if and only if" conditions on the RDFS and OWL vocabulary. The ordering of these steps is carefully chosen, along with some initialization data, to break the cyclic dependencies between the various conditions. The normal Herbrand interpretation of this graph as its own model then suffices. The main result follows by using an empty graph in this construction. We discuss the relevance of our results, both to OWL2, and more generally to a future revision of the Semantic Web recommendations.
Carroll, Jeremy J., Turner, Dave, 2008, The Consistency of OWL Full (with proofs) - http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2008May/att-0053/59.pdf - HP Labs Technical Report, Bristol, UK, Computer Laboratory, Cambridge Univ - Abstract. We show that OWL1 Full without the comprehension principles is consistent, and does not break most RDF graphs that do not use the OWL vocabulary. We discuss the role of the comprehension principles in OWL semantics, and how to maintain the relationship between OWL Full and OWL DL by reinterpreting the comprehension principles as permitted steps when checking an entailment, rather than as model theoretic principles constraining the universe of interpretation. Starting with such a graph we build a Herbrand model, using, amongst other things, an RDFS ruleset, and syntactic analogs of the semantic "if and only if" conditions on the RDFS and OWL vocabulary. The ordering of these steps is carefully chosen, along with some initialization data, to break the cyclic dependencies between the various conditions. The normal Herbrand interpretation of this graph as its own model then suffices. The main result follows by using an empty graph in this construction. We discuss the relevance of our results, both to OWL2, and more generally to a future revision of the Semantic Web recommendations. This longer version contains the proofs..
Cayzer, S. 2004. Semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press.
Cheung, W. M., Maropoulos, P. G., Gao, J. X., Aziz, H., - Ontological Approach for Organisational Knowledge Re-use in Product Developing Environments - 11th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising - ICE 2005 - University BW Munich, Germany.
Cheung, W. M., Matthews, P. C., Gao, J. X., Maropoulos, P. G., 2007. Advanced product development integration architecture: an out-of-box solution to support distributed production networks. International Journal of Production Research March 2007.
Ciocoiu, M., Gruninger, M., Nau, D. S., 2000 - Ontologies for Integrating Engineering Applications - Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1(1) pp 12-22.
Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, Tools and Languages For Building Ontologies. Where is their Meeting Point?. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 46, pp 41-64.
Corcho, O., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2000. A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Chicago, USA.
Correa da Silva F.S.; Vasconcelos W.W., Robertson D.S., Brilhante V., de Melo A.C.V., Finger M., Agusti J., On the insufficiency of ontologies: problems in knowledge sharing and alternative solutions - Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 15, Number 3, March 2002, pp. 147-167(21).
Coutaz, J., 2007. Meta-User Interfaces for Ambient Spaces: Can Model-Driven-Engineering Help?. In: End-User Software Engineering Dagstuhl Seminar.
Day, M., 2003. Collecting and preserving the World Wide Web - Michael Day, UKOLN, University of Bath - Version 1.0 - 25 February 2003.
Denker, G., Elenius, D., Martin, D., OWL-S Editor - http://iswc2004.semanticweb.org/demos/02/paper.pdf - Grit Denker and Daniel Elenius and David Martin - SRI International, California, USA, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden - INTRODUCTION - An increasing number of organizations are endorsing Web Services (WS) technology to extend corporate resources to customers and partners and to leverage resources of others. AlthoughWeb Services, based on XML technology, allow interoperability, they do not support efficient and flexible search, allocation, composition, runtime monitoring, or invocation of those Web Services. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) use semantically rich annotations to facilitate these tasks. Richer semantics can provide fuller, more flexible automation of service provision, and use and support the construction of more powerful tools and methodologies.
Diederich, J, Nejdl, W, Tolksdorf R, 2006, EASE: The European Association for SemanticWeb Education, SWET2006 Beijing, China.
Eklund, P., Roberts, N., Green, S., 2002. OntoRama: Browsing RDF Ontologies using a Hyperbolic-style Browser - The First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds, CW02, Theory and Practices, IEEE Press. (2002) pp 405-411.
Elenius, D., 2005. The OWL-S Editor - A Domain-Specific Extension to Protégé - 8th Intl. Protégé Conference - July 18-21, 2005 - Madrid, Spain.
Elenius, D., Denker, G., Martin, D., Gilham, F., Khouri, J., Sadaati, S., Senanayake, R., The OWL-S Editor - A Development Tool for Semantic Web Services - http://owlseditor.semwebcentral.org/documents/paper.pdf - Daniel Elenius, Grit Denker, David Martin, Fred Gilham, John Khouri, Shahin Sadaati, and Rukman Senanayake - SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA - Abstract. The power of Web Service (WS) technology lies in the fact that it establishes a common, vendor-neutral platform for integrating distributed computing applications, in intranets as well as the Internet at large. Semantic Web Services (SWSs) promise to provide solutions to the challenges associated with automated discovery, dynamic composition, enactment, and other tasks associated with managing and using service-based systems. One of the barriers to a wider adoption of SWS technology is the lack of tools for creating SWS specifications. OWL-S is one of the major SWS description languages. This paper presents an OWL-S Editor, whose objective is to allow easy, intuitive OWL-S service development and to provide a variety of special-purpose capabilities to facilitate SWS design. The editor is implemented as a plugin to the Protege OWL ontology editor, and is being developed as open-source software.
Erdmann, M., Studer, R. 1999. Ontologies as Conceptual Models for XML Documents. In: Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition, Modelling and Management (KAW'99), Banff, Canada, October 1999. - http://xml.coverpages.org/erdmann-semantic-xql-webdb00.pdf.
Ernst, N. A., Storey, M., Allen, P., Musen, M., Addressing cognitive issues in knowledge engineering with Jambalaya - http://www.neilernst.net/docs/pubs/ernst-kcap03.pdf - 2003.
Fensel, D. Van Harmelen, F. Horrocks, I. McGuinness, D. Patel-Schneider, P. F., 2001. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2), pp 38-45. - http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2001/IEEE-IS01.pdf.
Fishwick Paul A, Miller John A, 2004, Ontologies For Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference.
Fluit, C., Marta, S., Harmelen, F. V., Staab, S., Studer, R., 2003. Handbook on Ontologies in Information Systems. Springer-Verlag - http://www.cs.vu.nl/~frankh/abstracts/OntoHandbook03Viz.html.
Fluit, C., Sabou, M., Harmelen, F. V., 2003. Supporting User Tasks through Visualisation of Light-weight Ontologies. In: S. Staab and R. Studer, ed. Handbook on Ontologies in Information Systems, Springer-Verlag pp 415-434 - http://www.cs.vu.nl/~frankh/abstracts/OntoHandbook03Viz.html.
Garcia-Castro R, Gomez-Perez A, Interoperability of Protégé using RDF(S) as interchange language, 2006, 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California. - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/abstracts/3.4_Garcia-Castro_Gomez-Perez_Protege2006.pdf.
Goble C., De Roure D., The Grid: an application of the semantic web. 2002, ACM SIGMOD Record Vol 31 (4) Special Issue: Special section on semantic web and data management table of contents pp 65-70.
Gruber, T. R., 1993. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications, Knowledge Acquisition, vol 5 pp 199-220.
Gruber, T. R.. 1993, Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing - http://www2.umassd.edu/SWAgents/agentdocs/stanford/onto-design.pdf - In Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation, edited by Nicola Guarino and Roberto Poli, Kluwer Academic Publishers, in press. Substantial revision of paper presented at the International Workshop on Formal Ontology, March, 1993, Padova, Italy. Available as Technical Report KSL 93-04, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University.
Hend S. Al-Khalifa and Hugh C. Davis - Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds: How To Semantically Annotate Web Resource Using Folksonomies - Proceedings of IADIS Web Applications and Research 2006 (WAR2006).
Hendler, J., 2001, Agents and the Semantic Web, IEEE Intelligent Systems Journal.
Hewlett-Packard - HP Labs - Publications - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/publications.htm - Publications.
Horrocks, I., 2002. DAML+OIL: a Reason-able Web Ontology Language. In: proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2002) March 24-28 2002, Prague. http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2002/edbt02.pdf.
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P. F., van Harmelen, F., 2003. From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. Journal of Web Semantics, Vol 1(1), pp 7-26.
Hunter, A., Engineering ontologies - http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.hunter/tradepress/eng.html - Anthony Hunter.
Ing-Xiang, C., Chun-Lin, F., Pang-Hsiang. L, Li-Chia, K., Cheng-Zen, Y., - Integrated Visualization for Semantic Web - http://iswc2004.semanticweb.org/posters/PID-SDILZKDC-1090228300.pdf - 2005. 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications. Vol.2. 28-30 March 2005. pp. 701-706.
Jena User Conference, 2006, Bristol, UK - http://jena.hpl.hp.com/juc2006/proceedings/.
JISC - Anderson, P., 2007. What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education - http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf - JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) Technology and Standards Watch, Feb. 2007 - Within 15 years the Web has grown from a group work tool for scientists at CERN into a global information space with more than a billion users. Currently, it is both returning to its roots as a read/write tool and also entering a new, more social and participatory phase. These trends have led to a feeling that the Web is entering a 'second phase' - a new, 'improved' Web version 2.0. But how justified is this perception?
Kalinichenko L, Missikoff M, Schiappelli F, Skvortsov N, Ontological Modeling, 2003, Proceedings of the 5th Russian Conference on Digital Libraries RCDL2003, St. - Petersburg, Russia, 2003 - http://synthesis.ipi.ac.ru/synthesis/publications/ontomodeling/.
Kelly, B., Guy, M., Dunning, A., 2007. Addressing The Limitations Of Open Standards - http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/papers/mw-2007/paper-standards/ - Museums and the Web 2007 - San Francisco 11-13th April 2007.
Masters, J., Güngördü, Z., 2003. Structured Knowledge Source Integration: A Progress Report - http://www.cyc.com/doc/white_papers/kimas2003.pdf - In: Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multiagent Systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2003.
McGuinness, D. L., 2000. Conceptual Modeling for Distributed Ontology Environments. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptual Structures Logical, Linguistic, and Computational Issues (ICCS 2000), Darmstadt, Germany. August 14-18, 2000.
McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.
Miller, J A., Baramidze, G., - Simulation and the Semantic Web - 2005. - Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference.
Nilsson, M., Palmér, M., Naeve, A., 2002. Semantic Web Metadata for e-Learning - Some Architectural Guidelines - WWW2002 Hawaii USA.
Noy, N.F., McGuinness, D., 2004. Semantic Integration: A Survey Of Ontology-Based Approaches. SIGMOD Record, Special Issue on Semantic Integration, 33(4).
Oren, E., Breslin, J. G., Decker, S., 2006. How Semantics Make Better Wikis - WWW 2006, May 23-26, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Quan, D. A. and Karger, R. 2004. How to make a semantic web browser. Proceedings of the 13th international Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, May 17 - 20, 2004). WWW '04. ACM Press, New York, NY. pp. 255-265. - http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/990000/988707/p255-quan.pdf?key1=988707&key2=8733885811&coll=&dl=&CFID=15151515&CFTOKEN=6184618.
Quint, V., Vatton, I., 2004. Techniques for Authoring Complex XML Documents - http://wam.inrialpes.fr/publications/2004/DocEng2004VQIV.html - DocEng 2004 - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering Milwaukee October 28-30 - This paper reviews the main innovations of XML and considers their impact on the editing techniques for structured documents.
Quint, V., Vatton, I., 2005. Towards Active Web Clients - http://wam.inrialpes.fr/publications/2005/DocEng05-Quint.html - DocEng 2005 - ACM Symposium on Document Engineering - 2-4 November 2005 - Bristol, United Kingdom. - Recent developments of document technologies have strongly impacted the evolution of Web clients over the last fifteen years, but all Web clients have not taken the same advantage of this advance. In particular, mainstream tools have put the emphasis on accessing existing documents to the detriment of a more cooperative usage of the Web. However, in the early days, Web users were able to go beyond browsing and to get more actively involved.
Park Minho, Fishwick Paul A, 2005 Ontology-based Customizable 3D Modeling for Simulation.
Redmond T, Tudorache T, Vendetti J, Building Applications with Protégé: An Overview, 9th Intl. Protégé Conference, July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/AppDevelopmentTutorial_Part1.pdf.
Reichenthal, S.W. SRML case study: simple self-describing process modeling and simulation - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1371486 - Boeing, Anaheim, CA, USA; 2004, Simulation Conference, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 Winter - Volume: 2, pp 1461- 1466 - ISBN: 0-7803-8786-4.
Seaborne A, 2006 Using RDF with XML - SPARQL and XML Access languages - HP Research Labs - http://www.xmluk.org/xmlaccess0906.htm#andy - One day conference - XML Access Languages - Tuesday 26 September - CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory - Didcot, Oxfordshire.
Schmitz, P., 2006. Inducing ontology from Flickr tags. WWW2006 Conference, Edinburgh, UK. May 22-26, 2006. - http://www.semanticmetadata.net/hosted/taggingws-www2006-files/22.pdf.
Scicluna, J., OWL-S Editor to Semantically Annotate Web-Services - http://staff.um.edu.mt/cabe2/supervising/undergraduate/owlseditFYP/OwlSEdit.html - University of Malta - Department of Computer Science and A.I. - James Scicluna - The current version of the Owl-S Editor can be downloaded from here. We welcome any feedback related to how the tool was used and how effective it was to solve your particular needs. Let us know so that we can improve the tool.
Scicluna, J., Abela, C., Montebello, M., VISUAL MODELING OF OWL-S SERVICES - http://members.deri.at/~jamess/pdfs/scicluna-iadis2004.pdf - Msida MSD 06, Malta (Europe) - Mr. James Scicluna, Mr. Charlie Abela, Dr. Matthew Montebello, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Malta - ABSTRACT - The Semantic Web is slowly gathering interest and becoming a reality. More people are becoming aware of this and are trying to embed Semantic Web technologies into their applications. This involves the use of tools that can handle rapid ontology building and validation in an easy and transparent manner. In the area of Semantic Web Web Services (SWWS) an OWL-S specification defines a set of ontologies through which a semantic description of the service can be created. At times this is not an easy task and could result in an incorrect specification of the description or even lead the fainthearted user to resort to some other type of description language. This paper describes the OWL-S editor tool that provides two methodologies in which such a web services description can be developed without exposing the developer to the underlying OWL-S syntax. These methodologies are based on a mapping from WSDL to OWL-S and on modeling a composite service using standard UML Activity Diagrams.
Shu, G., Avis, N. J., Rana, O. F., Bringing semantics to visualization services - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1343116.1343274&coll=&dl= - Advances in Engineering Software archive - Volume 39, Issue 6 (June 2008) table of contents - Pages 514-520 Year of Publication: 2008 - Gao Shu School of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei 430063, China, School of Computer Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK - This paper firstly reviews the related visualization taxonomies, and discusses the need for ontology for visualization. It then presents the design of the ontology for visualization, which aims to provide more semantics for the discovery of visualization services, and gives the detailed description of the ontology's components. In the end, the paper illustrates how to use the ontology in the portal for discovery visualization services, which is being developed.
Storey M A, Lintern R, Ernst N, Perrin D - 2004 - University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2004/abstracts/Storey.pdf - Visualization and Protégé - 7th International Protégé Conference - Tuesday 6th - Friday 9th, July 2004 - Bethesda, Maryland.
Stutt, A. and Motta, E. (2004). Semantic Learning Webs. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2004 (10). Special Issue on the Educational Semantic Web. ISSN:1365-893X http://www-jime.open.ac.uk/2004/10.
Sutton, D. C., 2001. What is knowledge and can it be managed?. European Journal of Information Systems, Vol 10 pp 72-79.
Sycara, K., Paolucci, M., Ankolekar, Srinivasan, N., 2004. Automated discovery, interaction and composition of Semantic Web services - Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2003, Pages 27-46.
Sycara, K. P., 1998. The many faces of agents. AI Magazine, Journal Paper
Uschold M, 2003 Where are the Semantics in the Semantic Web? - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/events/Uschold-talk.htm - Michael Uschold, The Boeing Company - AI Center colloquium - published in AI Magazine 2003 - http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/SemWebCourse_files/WhereAreSemantics-AI-Mag-FinalSubmittedVersion2.pdf - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=958674 - Uschold, M., 2003 Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25 - 36.
Uschold M, 2006 Ontologies Ontologies Everywhere - but Who Knows What to Think? 2006 - http://protege.stanford.edu/conference/2006/submissions/slides/1.2_Uschold.pdf - Boeing - 9th Intl. Protégé Conference July 23-26, 2006 - Stanford, California - July 24 Morning Session.
Uschold M, Gruninger M, Boeing, Univerity of Maryland, 2004, Ontologies and Semantics for Seamless Connectivity, - http://www.sigmod.org/sigmod/record/issues/0412/12.uschold-9.pdf - Boeing, Univerity of Maryland - Association for Computer Machinery - Special Interest Group on Management of Data - SIGMOD Record December 2004 Vol 33 Number 4.
Volz, R., Oberle, D., Staab, S., Motik., B., 2003. KAON SERVER - A Semantic Web Management System. Alternate Track Proceedings of the Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2003, Budapest, Hungary, 20-24 May 2003. ACM. http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/dob/pubs/www2003.pdf.
Zhang, Z. 2005. - Ontology Query Languages for the Semantic Web: A Performance Evaluation. - Thesis - (Under the Direction of John.A.Miller).
Zhao, W. and Liu, J.K. 2008. OWL/SWRL representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model Part I. Implementation methodology, Computers in Industry - Article in Press, Corrected Proof - Abstract - This paper presents an ontology-based approach to enable semantic interoperability and reasoning over the product information model. The web ontology language (OWL) and the semantic web rule language (SWRL) in the Semantic Web are employed to construct the product information model. The traditional modeling language called EXPRESS is discussed. The representation methodology for EXPRESS-driven product information model is then proposed. The key of the representation methodology is mapping from EXPRESS to OWL/SWRL. Some illustrated examples are presented. - Keywords - Product information model; OWL; SWRL; EXPRESS; Ontology representation.
Implementation based on Space Horizons - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/JANS/spacehorizons/ - Project for Information Technology Management for Business - Year 2.
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