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End User History - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory.htm.

Smalltalk

Smalltalk was an early pioneer of object-oriented programming influenced by the first object-oriented programming language Simula.

In the late sixties Alan Kay used the term 'personal computer' and created a concept prototype, the FLEX Machine, he also envisaged a 'Dynabook' machine, the sketches for this look very similar to the laptop computers of recent years. Alan Kay and Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) California in 1971. A group of researchers led by Alan Kay at Palo Alto created Smalltalk. Alan Kay designed the system, which Dan Ingalls implemented. Throughout the seventies the group developed Smalltalk.

Smalltalk was one of the first systems to pioneer the WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers) interface. Compared to conventional programming languages such as C or Pascal. In Smalltalk objects are employed to represent everything, including all the conventional data types that may be found in any programming language: such as integers, Booleans, floating-point numbers, characters, strings, arrays. Objects are also used to represent display items such as menus, windows and even the compiler itself. Smalltalk is therefore described as a uniformly object-oriented language. The Smalltalk programming environment greatly influenced the development of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. Smalltalk is a fully reflective system, implemented in itself.

Squeak and Croquet have developed from the early work in Smalltalk, and provided a tool for end user programming, collaboration, visualisation, and simulation. Open source and commercial Smalltalk programming environments have been developed, and it is also used as a way of enabling constructivist learning and object-oriented programming.

Links

Alan Kay - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory/AlanKay.htm.

University of California - Santa Barbara - http://www.squeak.org/ - Squeak.

Cincom Smalltalk - http://smalltalk.cincom.com/index.ssp - Cincom Smalltalk.

The Early History Of Smalltalk by Alan Kay - 1967-69--The FLEX Machine, a first attempt at an OOP-based personal computer - Alan Kay - Smalltalk.org.

GNU Smalltalk - http://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/smalltalk.html - GNU Smalltalk.

Goodstart - Smalltalk Info. - http://www.goodstart.com/ - Monty Kamath.

University of Illinois - http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/ - The UIUC Smalltalk Archive.

Kyoto Prize Laureates 2004 - 2004 Kyoto Prize Laureates - Dr. Alan Curtis Kay (U.S.A., b. 1940) - Computer Scientist, President, Viewpoints Research Institute.

Pocket Smalltalk - http://www.pocketsmalltalk.com/ - Pocket Smalltalk.

The Refactory - http://www.refactory.com/Software/SharpSmalltalk/ - Smalltalk (Sharp Smalltalk).

Smalltalk - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk - Wikipedia.

Smalltalk.org - http://www.smalltalk.org/main/ - Welcome to Smalltalk.org.

Smallscript - http://www.smallscript.net/ - Smallscript Corporation's.

STIC: Your Smalltalk Industry Council - http://www.stic.org/ - The Smalltalk Industry Council.

E-Learning - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/ELearning.htm.

Developed by Peter Hale, 2006. The University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.