University of the West of England Home Page - Peter Hale Home Page - SEEDS Site Map - Text Only Site Map
University of the West of England Home Page - Peter Hale Home Page - SEEDS Site Map - Text Only Site Map
Semantic Web Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/#OntologyDevelopment - Ontology and Semantic Web Information.
End User History - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/EndUserHistory.htm.
Tim Berners-Lee [Berners-Lee][Berners-Lee, Hendler, Lassila] developed HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and has been involved with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in developing standards based languages for the Web. This has encouraged the growth of the 'Semantic Web' which allows both humans and computers to search and interact with pages more and so encouraged the development of interactive web pages and communities.
XML is used for structuring information and W3C ensures that the language is standardised so different software systems can interpret it. This Meta language is useful because it fits well with both an Object Oriented and a Rule-Based approach to problem solving and creating software. Using Meta-tags defined with XML it is possible to create documents, which define their own structure. Using scripting languages the information is then passed to a program which can take the value and process it or pass it to other objects within a system to facilitate decision support. The programming language objects can find the relevant XML tag within a web page and check whether the user has provided the information related to this tag (otherwise it would need to use a default value). Intelligent agent objects can be used to achieve this. An intelligent agent is an object that can react and adapt autonomously to changes [Grove 2000], [Sycara 1998].
XML pages can be linked to XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) pages to define appropriate formatting and so output the information in a standardised and comprehensive way. This makes it possible to provide a consistent and understandable user interface.
XQuery can be used to search XML data sources.
XML - XML Information and Examples.
RDF does not have to be based on XML there is also a format called N3 Quick Intro to RDF.
I have chosen to use RDF represented using RDF/XML as this allows me to continue using XML tools for visualising or searching the RDF/XML while also allowing the use of tools available for representing RDF.
RDF/XML has provided a layer of standardised semantics which overlays the basic XML. RDF extends the XML model and syntax to be specific for describing resources. For example Engine Ring Manufacture sequence can be represented as a sequence of groups of sequential operations as in the example below. RDF is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Recommendation, this means it is a stable specification and therefore a standard. Because a resource can represent anything, knowledge from any domain can theoretically be represented in RDF, this together with it's standardised syntax that allows it to be machine understandable are the reasons why RDF is such a useful and important technology for the Semantic Web.
RDF consists of a resource, a property, and a property value. This corresponds to subject, predicate, and object in logic. A Resource is anything that can have a URI (uniform resource identifier). A URI can look like a web address but and can actually be a web address but this is not always the case, it is a way of representing an entity. A URI consists of the name and location of the entity. An RDF Resource is described through a collection of properties and property values called an RDF Description. RDF provides a mechanism for describing collections, which are special kinds of resources, and a sequence is an ordered collection. A collection doesn't have to have its own URI but it can.
If a web page exists for a URI there could be further information possibly represented using RDF on this web page. This allows resources to be linked to each other, which is why it is such an important technology for the semantic web.
Being XML based an RDF/XML Web page can be linked to an XSL stylesheet to produce a visual representation of the structure as in this example.
SPARQL Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language is a query language and protocol for RDF being recommended to the W3C.
RDF - RDF information and examples.
RSS allows web users to more easily find information by subscribing to web sites that provide the information they are interested in and update this regularly. An RSS feed is a list of articles in the web site and a short summary of the article with a link to the full information. Software available on the web or downloadable can track the RSS information for sites the web user subscribes to.
RSS has split into different syntaxes and can stand for RDF Site Summary, Rich Site Summary, Really Simple Syndication, and there is a third alternative called Atom. All of the RSS syntaxes are based on XML and some are also based on RDF Resource Description Framework RDF. The incompatibilities however do not seem to hinder searches using these formats too much, and use of RSS has become a useful method for making information on the web easier to find.
Tools and browsers are available or becoming available for searching RSS feeds an example of this is the Flock Browser downloadable at http://www.flock.com that includes an icon by the web address to indicate an RSS feed is available for that page. RSS and Flock projects are also related to the concept of blogging that gives individuals who are not computer literate the opportunity to put there thoughts onto a web page without needing to edit HTML. This is a similar concept to that of Wikis such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page. RSS allows for a more structured representation of the contents of a web page or a blog.
RSS - RSS information.
RSS and AJAX: A Simple News Reader - http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2006/09/13/rss-and-ajax-a-simple-news-reader.html - O'Reilly XML.com - Paul Sobocinski - September 13, 2006.
RSS and AJAX: My Example based based on the tutorial above - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/rssajax.htm - RSS Viewer.
RDF-S - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#RDFSchema.
RDF-S (RDF Schema is a vocabulary description language for RDF, RDF Schema, is a semantic extension of RDF. It provides mechanisms for describing groups of related resources and the relationships between these resources. RDF Schema vocabulary descriptions are written in RDF. The RDF vocabulary description language class and property system is similar to the type systems of object-oriented programming. This is the role of the domain and range mechanisms. These class, property and relationship mechanisms are built on in DAML+OIL and OWL ontology languages explained below. RDF-S is explained in RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema.
DAML+OIL - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#DAMLOIL.
DAML+OIL is a Web Ontology Language, resulting from a merger between DAML-ONT developed as part of the US DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) programme and OIL (Ontology Inference Layer) developed by a group of mostly European researchers. DAML+OIL provides an extension to RDF and RDF-S and takes an object oriented approach enabling the standardised representation of classes, properties and inheritance relationships. It also allows restriction, unions and intersections. This makes the language more expressive and more accessible to automated processes than XML or RDF on which it is built.
OWL - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#OWL.
OWL is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the World Wide Web. W3C's Web-Ontology Working Group (WebOnt) developed OWL. OWL is derived from the DAML+OIL Web Ontology Language.
OWL Web Ontology Language is a language for representing Ontologies and emerged from the DAML projects and OIL projects, and was influenced by the SHOE (Simple HTML Ontology Extensions) language. The W3C OWL Web Ontology Language Overview document outlines OWL and explains 'The OWL Web Ontology Language is designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. OWL facilitates greater machine interpretability of Web content than that supported by XML, RDF, and RDF Schema (RDF-S) by providing additional vocabulary along with a formal semantics. OWL has three increasingly-expressive sublanguages: OWL Lite, OWL DL, and OWL Full.'
The intention of OWL Lite is to capture many of the commonly used features of OWL and DAML+OIL and therefore make it relatively easy for developers to create tools for its use. The differences between the sublanguages are explained in the OWL Web Ontology Language Guide and the Ontology Language Overview.
Semantic Web Information - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/#OntologyDevelopment - Ontology and Semantic Web Information.
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics and graphical applications using XML and is a W3C recommendation and widely in use. This has proved very useful in this research as an output format for representing diagrams that have been translated from a taxonomic representation to the CAD style diagrammatic representation. A simple example of use of SVG is shown in this demo and a more complex example is illustrated at http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~phale/InteractiveSVGExamples.htm. It is also useful for providing graphics, site maps and geographical maps.
SVG - SVG Information and Examples.
Berners-Lee T., 1999, Weaving the Web, Harper San Francisco, ISBN 0062515861.
Berners-Lee T., Hendler, J. Lassila, O., 2001, The Semantic Web, a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities, Scientif American May 2001.
Grove R., 2000 Internet-based expert systems, Expert Systems, Vol. 17 No.3
Sycara K. P, 1998, The many faces of agents, AI Magazine, Journal Paper
These links include Semantic Web examples and research using SPARQL queries with Jena and other useful RDF and SPARQL resources.
Andy Seaborne - SPARQLer - An RDF Query Demo.
Site Point - A Really, Really, Really Good Introduction to XML.
ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena ARQ - A SPARQL Processor for Jena.
AIML - Artificial Intelligence Markup Language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIML - Wikipedia.
British Computer Society IT Now - One application to rule them all - Dr Beran Necat - September 2006.
Carto:Net - SVG Help, Papers, Projects, Authors.
Leigh Dodds - Twinkle: A Sparql Query Tool.
Dotus Comus - Design and Development.
Lee Feigenbaum - SPARQL Calender Demo - - SPARQL Calendar Demo - Overview.
Fifteen Years of the Web - Internet Timeline - BBC Technology.
Graphical Stylesheets Using XSLT to Generate SVG - Philip A. Mansfield, Darryl W. Fuller.
Hewlett-Packard - HP Labs Semantic Web Research - http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/.
Info.cern.ch - http://info.cern.ch/ - Welcome to info.cern.ch - The website of the world's first-ever web server - 1990 was a momentous year in world events. In February, Nelson Mandela was freed after 27 years in prison. In April, the space shuttle Discovery carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. And in October, Germany was reunified. - Then at the end of 1990, a revolution took place that changed the way we live today. - CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is where it all began in March 1989. A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, wrote a proposal for information management showing how information could be transferred easily over the Internet by using hypertext, the now familiar point-and-click system of navigating through information. The following year, Robert Cailliau, a systems engineer, joined in and soon became its number one advocate. - The idea was to connect hypertext with the Internet and personal computers, thereby having a single information network to help CERN physicists share all the computer-stored information at the laboratory. Hypertext would enable users to browse easily between texts on web pages using links. The first examples were developed on NeXT computers. - Berners-Lee created a browser-editor with the goal of developing a tool to make the Web a creative space to share and edit information and build a common hypertext. What should they call this new browser: The Mine of Information? The Information Mesh? When they settled on a name in May 1990, it was the WorldWideWeb.
Jena - Jena - A Semantic Web Framework for Java.
Kurt Cagle - Understanding XML.
Philip McCarthy - Search RDF data with SPARQL.
Microformats.org - http://microformats.org/ - What are microformats? - Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards.
O'Reilly - XML.com - XML Articles.
O'Reilly SPARQL - SPARQL: Web 2.0 Meet the Semantic Web.
Park M., Fishwick P. A. (2005) Ontology-based Customizable 3D Modeling for Simulation. http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mhpark/SCS.pdf.
Public RDF collection - Bob DuCharme curates this collection of RDF.
RDF:about - Quick intro to RDF.
REASE - the repository of EASE for learning units in the area of Semantic Web! - http://ubp.l3s.uni-hannover.de/ubp - REASE supports sharing knowledge for Higher Education as well as for industrial education in the area of Semantic Web and is open to any member of the academic, research, or professional community.
Startpagina - Startpagina SVG and related examples, articles, and tutorials.
Stelt - http://steltenpower.com/SVG.html - SVG information.
Stylus Studio - Building Workflow Applications with XML and XQuery - Dr Michael Kay.
SVG European Workshop - http://roitsystems.com/twiki/bin/view/SVGWorkshop/WebHome - SVG European Workshop.
Tim Berners-Lee - Tim Berners-Lee.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - http://www.w3.org - Leading the Web to Its Full Potential....
XML Army Knife - SPARQL Query Form.
XML.com SPARQL SPARQL.
XML.com - What is RDF - What is RDF - Update - Joshua Tauberer.
XTech Conference - Building Rich, Encapsulated Widgets Using XBL, XForms and SVG - Mark Birbeck, x-port.net Ltd.
More Semantic Links - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#LinkstomoreRDFexamplesinformationandtools.
University of Aberdeen - Semantic Web Blackboard project - Craig McKenzie.
AKT Advanced Knowledge Technologies - http://www.aktors.org/akt/ - University Research Collaboration.
Altova - SemanticWorks - SemanticWorks - visual Semantic Web design tool for RDF and OWL.
The AspectXML site is being developed by this team also including M. David Peterson, and Russel Miles.
AspectXML - Article - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2005/09/part_3_assets_atom_feeds_and_a.html - [Part 3] Assets, Atom Feeds, and AspectXML - The Triple Threat of Web Development? - O'Reilly XML.com - M. David Peterson.
AspectXML - http://www.aspectxml.org/ - Community Open Source Project.
Devon Portal - http://www.devonline.gov.uk/ - Adam Retter is responsible for the use of XML and eXist technologies for this.
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Paper - ACUITy semantic web application - An Ontology-Based Architecture for Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology - A Aragones, J Bruno, A Crapo, M Garbias.
General Electric - ACUITYy enterpise modelling tool - Presentation - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - Hewlett-Packard Jena Conference Presentation - Andrew W Crapo.
General Electric Release ACUITy software - Open Source - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) is an open-source framework and architecture for developing semantically-enabled mixed initiative user interfaces - Adaptive Work-Centered User Interface Technology (ACUITy) - September 22 2006.
Metamomix - m3t4 - http://www.metatomix.com/news/060307.html - Metatomix Provides Free Semantic Toolkit for Eclipse Developers Worldwide - Wiki - Explanations and Examples - Wiki.
OntoWorld Semantic MediaWiki - OntoWorld - Semantic Wiki - an extension to the MediaWiki-Software (which powers Wikipedia).
OpenCyc - http://www.opencyc.org/ - OpenCyc.org - OpenCyc is the open source version of the Cyc technology, the world's largest and most complete general knowledge base and commonsense reasoning engine.
Semanlink - http://www.semanlink.net - François-Paul Servant - Renault.
SWED - Semantic Web Environmental Directory - http://www.swed.org.uk/swed/index.html - Collaborative Project Bristol University - Hewlett-Packard.
Swoogle - Semantic Web Search - http://swoogle.umbc.edu/ - Searching over 10,000 ontologies.
Swoogle - http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/project/html/id/53/ - Swoogle - Project Home.
Technische Universiät München - SweS Semantic Web Search - Walid Maalej and Patrick Renner.
The 7 (f)laws of the Semantic Web - O'Reilly - XML.com - Dan Zambonini.
TopBraid Composer - The Complete Semantic Modeling Toolset - a visual modeling environment for creating and managing ontologies. TopBraid Composer is based on Protégé and other tools into a professional ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Composer is based on the Eclipse platform and uses Jena as its underlying API.
University of Zurich, Department of Informatics - Talking to the Semantic Web - Talking to the Semantic Web: Query Interfaces to Ontologies for the Rest of Us.
Semantic Applications/Projects - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SemanticWebProjectsApplications.
Danny Ayers - Danny Ayers
Codewok.com - Articles and blog.
Tim Berners-Lee - Tim Berners-Lee
Kurt Cagle - Understanding XML
O'Reilly - XML.com - XML Articles
BBC Magazine - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6766931.stm - It was the decade of the Gulf War, Britpop, New Labour and the death of Princess Diana. - But for many of you, it is the birth of the worldwide web, the internet and the dotcom boom that you remember most. - When the young British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, invented the worldwide web, he revolutionised the way we live. - In other ways, technology was leaping ahead. Mobile phones became more advanced and gaming became big business. Here is a selection of your comments. - 21 June 2007.
BBC Radio - Euro Everything - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/inbusiness/inbusiness_20060518.shtml - Radio Broadcast - In Business - Peter Day.
BBC Radio - Tangled Web - http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/inbusiness/inbusiness_20060615.shtml - Radio 4 Broadcast - In Business - Peter Day.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4358871.stm - France to develop Google 'rival'.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5368190.stm - Global web celebrations under way - 22 September 2006.
BBC Technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7373717.stm - Luminaries look to the future web - Exactly 15 years ago the directors at the lab where the web was first developed signed a document which said the technology could be used by anyone free of charge. - That decision was instrumental in making the web truly world wide. BBC News talks to some of the leading figures in the web community about their hopes for the future of the web. - 30 April 2008.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5009774.stm - Privacy worries over web's future - Jonathan Fildes.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5013146.stm - Smart sites to power semantic web - Jonathan Fildes.
BBC Technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7375703.stm - The World Wide Web turns 15 (again) - By Dr James Gillies Director of communications, Cern - The World Wide Web has many birthdays. - March 1989, when Tim Berners-Lee handed his boss a short document entitled Information Management: a Proposal, is one. - Christmas of the following year, when the Web was up and running on two computers, is another. - But perhaps the most important Web anniversary of all is 30 April 1993. - That's the day that Cern put the web in the public domain, thereby ensuring that the world would have a single system for accessing the Internet, instead of a Microsoft Web, a Macintosh Web and who knows, perhaps even an Amstrad Web. - 30 April 2008.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5019394.stm - Web inventor fears for the future - Pallab Ghosh interviews Sir Tim Berners-Lee - 2 November 2006.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6750395.stm - Web inventor gets Queen's honour - 13 June 2007.
BBC technology news - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/5019394.stm - Wide open future for the web - Jonathan Fildes.
British Computer Society - 'Web still in infancy' - http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=ConWebDoc.19027 - The inventor of the web has said it is still in its infancy, as it reaches its 15 year anniversary. - Sir Tim Berners-Lee spoke to the BBC as the anniversary of the date scientists at Cern first put the web's code into the public domain approaches. - He said that in the future, every web user would have 'all the data in the world' at their fingertips. - 30/04/2008.
CERN - http://info.cern.ch/ - Welcome to info.cern.ch - The website of the world's first-ever web server - 1990 was a momentous year in world events. In February, Nelson Mandela was freed after 27 years in prison. In April, the space shuttle Discovery carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. And in October, Germany was reunified. - Then at the end of 1990, a revolution took place that changed the way we live today. - CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is where it all began in March 1989. A physicist, Tim Berners-Lee, wrote a proposal for information management showing how information could be transferred easily over the Internet by using hypertext, the now familiar point-and-click system of navigating through information. The following year, Robert Cailliau, a systems engineer, joined in and soon became its number one advocate.
Dave De Roure - Building on the future of the web - BBC article - Southampton University.
IT Now - Time to jump on the SOA bandwagon? - Ian Cartwright and Erik Doernenburg - Consultants at ThoughtWorks.
O'Reilly XML.com - http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2006/08/why_you_should_let_web_20_into.html - Why you should let Web 2.0 into your hearts - Dan Zambonini - August 25th 2006.
SWET 2006 - http://www.l3s.de/~diederich/Papers/swet2006-ease.pdf - Semantic Web Education and Training Workshop (SWET'06).
Tim Berners-Lee - Web inventor warns of 'dark' net - BBC article - Edinburg Web Conference.
University of the West of England - UWE Student Project - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/Web%20Semantic/Index.html - Investigating and implement the idea of 'ModConsWest' (Modelling and Constructionism with Web based E-Learning Semantic Tools)" - Lee Ediagbonya and Awaab Eltahir.
Semantic Web Articles - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#SemanticWebArticles.
20th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering http://ase.cs.uni-essen.de/ase/past/ase2005/ - Long Beach, California, USA, November 7-11, 2005 - papers, demonstrations, tutorials.
3rd Annual European Semantic Web Conference - http://www.eswc2006.org/ - Budva, Montenegro from the 11th - 14th June, 2006.
IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing http://www.cmis.brighton.ac.uk/vlhcc/ - 2006 - Brighton, UK.
ISWC 2006 - http://iswc2006.semanticweb.org/ - The 5th International Semantic Web Conference will be hosted in Athens, GA, USA - November 5 (Sunday) - 9 (Thursday) 2006.
Jena Semantic Web Platform User Conference JUC - 2007 - http://hpl.hp.com/conferences/juc2007/ - Silicon Valley California - September 5-6 2007 - Jena is an open source Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL and includes a rule-based inference engine.
Jena User Conference 2006 - Presentations and Papers - First Jena User Conference - Proceedings.
Koala Publishing Ltd - CheckPoint '06 - London Conference - Date To be Announced - November
Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference - http://www.informs-cs.org/wsc05papers/297.pdf - Simulation and the Semantic Web - M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds.
Sakai Conference - 5th Sakai Conference with OSP - Conference - May 30 - June 2.
SWET 2006 - http://events.deri.at/swet06/ - Semantic Web Education and Training Workshop (SWET'06), in affiliation with First Asian Semantic Web Conference (ASWC), September 2006, Beijing China.
Virtual Concept Conference - http://www.virtualconcept.estia.fr/2006/index.php - Cancun, Mexico - From 26th of November to 1st of December 2006
WWW 2006 - Edinburgh Conference - May 23-26.
XML Prague Conference - Prague Conference - June 17-18 Prague.
XTech Conference - Building Rich, Encapsulated Widgets Using XBL, XForms and SVG - Mark Birbeck, x-port.net Ltd.
More Semantic Web Conferences - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#Conferencesrecentandfuture.
Bechhofer S., Carrol J. (2004) Parsing owl dl: trees or triples? Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web, NY, USA pp 266 - 275.
Berners-Lee T., 1999, Weaving the Web, Harper San Francisco, ISBN 0062515861.
Berners-Lee T., Hendler, J. Lassila, O., 2001, The Semantic Web, a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities, Scientific American May 2001.
Diederich, J, Nejdl, W, Tolksdorf R, 2006, EASE: The European Association for SemanticWeb Education, SWET2006 Beijing, China.
Jena User Conference, 2006, Bristol, UK
More Semantic Web Publications - http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/amrc/seeds/PeterHale/RDF/RDF.htm#UsefulPublications.
SEEDS Page - SEEDS Home Page
Peter Home Page - Peter Hale Home Page
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